Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Global - Land Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	10.8
Control	[-]	8.75	8.82	10.8	3.85	7.96		-2.24	2.59	1.45		0.511	0.786	0.793	0.993	0.774
Randomized	[-]	8.65	8.71	10.8	3.83	7.96		-2.35	2.65	1.33		0.490	0.791	0.808	0.992	0.774

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	13.5
Control	[-]	11.7	11.8	13.5	5.58	11.0		-1.76	2.29	1.13		0.582	0.796	0.870	0.910	0.791
Randomized	[-]	11.6	11.7	13.5	5.47	11.0		-1.91	2.39	1.15		0.559	0.797	0.869	0.915	0.787

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	12.8
Control	[-]	10.3	10.4	12.9	4.51	9.05		-2.79	3.19	1.13		0.348	0.807	0.856	0.979	0.759
Randomized	[-]	10.2	10.3	12.9	4.48	9.05		-2.87	3.26	1.16		0.336	0.799	0.852	0.981	0.754

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	9.22
Control	[-]	6.27	6.33	9.24	4.38	7.69		-3.08	3.51	2.64		0.285	0.672	0.550	0.847	0.605
Randomized	[-]	6.38	6.44	9.24	4.42	7.69		-2.97	3.43	2.70		0.306	0.667	0.539	0.863	0.608

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	9.44
Control	[-]	6.24	6.45	9.50	4.16	8.79		-3.59	3.74	1.63		0.383	0.879	0.764	0.853	0.752
Randomized	[-]	6.24	6.45	9.50	4.17	8.79		-3.60	3.75	1.70		0.383	0.878	0.752	0.850	0.748

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	10.5
Control	[-]	7.33	7.35	10.5	4.70	8.26		-3.15	3.44	2.47		0.256	0.699	0.613	0.616	0.576
Randomized	[-]	7.33	7.35	10.5	4.72	8.26		-3.15	3.45	2.38		0.256	0.692	0.629	0.612	0.576

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	11.4
Control	[-]	7.94	7.99	11.5	4.02	7.87		-3.58	3.80	1.85		0.257	0.739	0.724	0.757	0.643
Randomized	[-]	7.90	7.95	11.5	4.02	7.87		-3.62	3.84	1.89		0.254	0.734	0.716	0.744	0.637

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	11.0
Control	[-]	8.72	8.85	11.1	4.47	8.45		-2.60	3.10	1.88		0.421	0.702	0.729	0.991	0.709
Randomized	[-]	8.67	8.80	11.1	4.46	8.45		-2.64	3.14	1.91		0.413	0.698	0.725	0.988	0.705

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	8.18
Control	[-]	5.37	5.42	8.19	4.02	7.34		-2.85	3.06	1.67		0.295	0.754	0.729	0.887	0.684
Randomized	[-]	5.40	5.45	8.19	4.02	7.34		-2.82	3.03	1.76		0.302	0.755	0.707	0.895	0.683

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	13.4
Control	[-]	10.1	10.2	13.5	4.74	10.2		-3.70	3.83	0.949		0.217	0.832	0.906	0.995	0.756
Randomized	[-]	10.2	10.3	13.5	4.71	10.2		-3.61	3.74	0.958		0.233	0.827	0.906	0.995	0.758

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	8.57
Control	[-]	6.78	6.85	8.59	4.87	7.63		-2.02	2.23	1.01		0.473	0.835	0.877	0.993	0.802
Randomized	[-]	6.80	6.87	8.59	4.85	7.63		-2.00	2.22	0.947		0.476	0.835	0.891	0.993	0.806

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	11.6
Control	[-]	8.41	8.85	11.6	4.90	8.82		-3.02	3.36	1.56		0.341	0.762	0.776	0.948	0.718
Randomized	[-]	8.38	8.81	11.6	4.92	8.82		-3.05	3.39	1.58		0.337	0.760	0.773	0.944	0.715

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	13.9
Control	[-]	12.1	12.2	13.9	5.45	11.0		-2.01	2.81	1.58		0.475	0.773	0.776	0.985	0.756
Randomized	[-]	12.0	12.1	13.9	5.33	11.0		-2.09	2.85	1.58		0.465	0.775	0.780	0.986	0.756

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	8.25
Control	[-]	5.81	5.86	8.26	4.26	7.23		-2.57	2.93	1.64		0.356	0.712	0.735	0.943	0.691
Randomized	[-]	5.82	5.86	8.26	4.28	7.23		-2.56	2.94	1.71		0.358	0.707	0.722	0.938	0.686

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	13.2
Control	[-]	8.89	9.10	13.4	4.97	10.1		-4.95	5.04	1.00		0.170	0.805	0.882	0.912	0.715
Randomized	[-]	8.81	9.02	13.4	4.93	10.1		-5.02	5.11	0.992		0.164	0.807	0.883	0.905	0.713

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	11.9
Control	[-]	8.25	8.27	11.9	5.34	9.84		-3.79	4.00	2.37		0.101	0.705	0.645	0.965	0.624
Randomized	[-]	8.18	8.20	11.9	5.35	9.84		-3.85	4.06	2.50		0.0903	0.706	0.615	0.968	0.617

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	10.8
Control	[-]	7.70	7.71	10.8	4.95	7.48		-3.24	3.42	2.08		0.175	0.740	0.679	0.956	0.658
Randomized	[-]	7.69	7.70	10.8	4.97	7.48		-3.25	3.43	2.23		0.174	0.735	0.652	0.955	0.650

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	15.1
Control	[-]	9.99	9.99	15.1	6.42	10.9		-5.18	5.38	0.976		0.0660	0.720	0.888	0.723	0.623
Randomized	[-]	9.91	9.91	15.1	6.29	10.9		-5.27	5.45	0.994		0.0646	0.728	0.888	0.720	0.626

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	10.1
Control	[-]	8.00	8.02	10.1	4.06	9.34		-2.24	2.51	0.801		0.516	0.837	0.888	0.992	0.814
Randomized	[-]	7.94	7.96	10.1	4.03	9.34		-2.30	2.56	0.827		0.506	0.834	0.882	0.991	0.810

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	11.5
Control	[-]	9.08	9.14	11.5	4.65	8.95		-2.55	2.74	0.949		0.411	0.823	0.890	0.987	0.787
Randomized	[-]	9.05	9.11	11.5	4.62	8.95		-2.58	2.77	0.921		0.404	0.826	0.892	0.981	0.786

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	12.3
Control	[-]	8.92	8.95	12.5	5.54	7.47		-3.97	4.21	1.56		0.190	0.812	0.792	0.982	0.717
Randomized	[-]	8.92	8.96	12.5	5.49	7.47		-3.96	4.21	1.56		0.192	0.809	0.790	0.981	0.716

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Global - Land Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

CRU time series (TS) high-resolution gridded datasets

  Version:

4.02

  Institutions:

Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, UK

  Source:

monthly observations of 2-meter maximum and minimum air temperature at meteorological stations across the world land areas

  History:

2019-05-06: downloaded source from https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/hrg/cru_ts_4.02/

2019-05-06: converted to netCDF with https://gist.github.com/nocollier/d73585731756fa472731065389af45dc

  References:

Harris, I., P.D. Jones, T.J. Osborn and D.H. Lister (2014), Updated high-resolution grids of monthly climatic observations - the CRU TS3.10 Dataset, International Journal of Climatology, 34(3), 623-642, doi:10.1002/joc.3711

  Comments:

time_period: 1960-01 through 2017-12

original_temporal_resolution: monthly

original_spatial_resolution: 0.5 degree

original_units: C

final_temporal_resolution: monthly

final_spatial_resolution: 0.5 degree

final_units: K

  Convention:

CF-1.7