Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	77.9
LMBIRCH	[-]	69.9	69.5		77.9	77.9		-7.38	14.0	2.03		0.342	0.228	0.707	0.997	0.480	0.497
PPE	[-]	71.8	71.5		77.9	77.9		-5.52	11.6	1.91		0.377	0.282	0.729	0.995	0.620	0.548
PPE_FINAL	[-]	72.1	71.7		77.9	77.9		-5.23	11.4	1.94		0.382	0.285	0.725	0.995	0.625	0.549
R15	[-]	69.0	68.6		77.9	77.9		-8.19	14.3	1.99		0.330	0.228	0.716	0.997	0.479	0.496

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	53.6
LMBIRCH	[-]	50.6	51.0		53.5	80.7		-2.11	12.2	0.596		0.719	0.577	0.920	0.983	0.830	0.768
PPE	[-]	52.2	52.5		53.5	80.7		-0.582	11.8	0.602		0.735	0.588	0.918	0.988	0.798	0.769
PPE_FINAL	[-]	52.4	52.7		53.5	80.7		-0.366	11.8	0.603		0.736	0.588	0.917	0.989	0.798	0.769
R15	[-]	50.2	50.5		53.5	80.7		-2.57	12.2	0.607		0.716	0.578	0.917	0.979	0.830	0.766

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	64.2
LMBIRCH	[-]	61.6	61.6		63.8	78.0		-0.731	11.9	1.22		0.574	0.422	0.828	0.974	0.747	0.661
PPE	[-]	62.9	62.9		63.8	78.0		0.503	11.5	1.20		0.569	0.459	0.831	0.974	0.796	0.681
PPE_FINAL	[-]	63.3	63.4		63.8	78.0		0.946	11.5	1.20		0.572	0.458	0.832	0.976	0.798	0.682
R15	[-]	61.3	61.3		63.8	78.0		-1.01	11.8	1.22		0.577	0.424	0.829	0.972	0.745	0.662

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	77.6
LMBIRCH	[-]	88.6	88.5		77.3	83.2		11.5	17.4	3.14		0.121	0.0835	0.478	0.742	0.558	0.344
PPE	[-]	88.9	88.8		77.3	83.2		11.8	16.8	4.75		0.112	0.103	0.190	0.815	0.856	0.363
PPE_FINAL	[-]	89.5	89.4		77.3	83.2		12.4	17.3	4.10		0.0998	0.101	0.294	0.718	0.853	0.361
R15	[-]	88.7	88.6		77.3	83.2		11.6	17.5	2.76		0.120	0.0827	0.547	0.738	0.561	0.355

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	84.2
LMBIRCH	[-]	86.3	86.4		84.5	81.2		0.427	5.24	1.54		0.563	0.231	0.772	0.998	0.499	0.549
PPE	[-]	86.8	87.0		84.5	81.2		1.07	4.19	1.60		0.539	0.366	0.768	0.999	0.754	0.632
PPE_FINAL	[-]	87.1	87.3		84.5	81.2		1.54	4.35	1.65		0.516	0.366	0.763	0.998	0.752	0.627
R15	[-]	85.1	85.2		84.5	81.2		-0.671	5.32	1.46		0.557	0.225	0.786	0.993	0.488	0.546

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	72.3
LMBIRCH	[-]	82.5	82.6		72.3	82.0		10.4	17.8	2.16		0.323	0.202	0.682	0.981	0.567	0.493
PPE	[-]	84.1	84.2		72.3	82.0		12.0	17.2	2.67		0.265	0.250	0.604	0.983	0.856	0.535
PPE_FINAL	[-]	84.6	84.7		72.3	82.0		12.4	17.6	2.20		0.254	0.250	0.689	0.978	0.854	0.546
R15	[-]	82.5	82.6		72.3	82.0		10.3	17.8	2.09		0.325	0.200	0.695	0.980	0.571	0.495

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	61.3
LMBIRCH	[-]	65.4	65.6		61.2	75.5		5.12	16.3	1.94		0.525	0.325	0.712	0.993	0.759	0.606
PPE	[-]	66.5	66.6		61.2	75.5		6.19	15.6	1.86		0.502	0.362	0.726	0.992	0.849	0.632
PPE_FINAL	[-]	67.0	67.1		61.2	75.5		6.70	16.0	1.80		0.489	0.360	0.738	0.991	0.841	0.630
R15	[-]	65.2	65.3		61.2	75.5		4.86	16.2	1.96		0.537	0.324	0.706	0.994	0.757	0.607

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	69.0
LMBIRCH	[-]	64.1	63.3		68.8	79.0		-2.40	11.1	1.01		0.625	0.377	0.855	0.958	0.643	0.639
PPE	[-]	67.7	66.9		68.8	79.0		0.765	9.24	1.05		0.655	0.446	0.850	0.988	0.800	0.698
PPE_FINAL	[-]	68.0	67.3		68.8	79.0		1.16	9.33	1.06		0.646	0.444	0.848	0.988	0.801	0.695
R15	[-]	62.4	61.6		68.8	79.0		-4.00	11.5	0.954		0.595	0.385	0.865	0.944	0.646	0.637

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	78.8
LMBIRCH	[-]	88.9	88.7		78.7	85.1		10.2	16.0	2.85		0.163	0.103	0.536	0.837	0.513	0.376
PPE	[-]	89.7	89.6		78.7	85.1		11.1	15.4	4.36		0.135	0.134	0.253	0.869	0.864	0.398
PPE_FINAL	[-]	90.3	90.1		78.7	85.1		11.6	15.9	3.67		0.122	0.133	0.396	0.768	0.863	0.402
R15	[-]	88.9	88.7		78.7	85.1		10.3	16.0	2.64		0.162	0.103	0.587	0.832	0.512	0.383

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	53.1
LMBIRCH	[-]	50.3	50.1		52.2	74.4		1.50	7.56	0.609		0.690	0.492	0.893	0.996	0.784	0.724
PPE	[-]	51.3	51.1		52.2	74.4		2.55	7.60	0.677		0.650	0.528	0.881	0.997	0.806	0.732
PPE_FINAL	[-]	51.7	51.5		52.2	74.4		2.91	7.77	0.637		0.637	0.526	0.888	0.997	0.803	0.729
R15	[-]	50.1	49.9		52.2	74.4		1.29	7.48	0.564		0.697	0.494	0.900	0.995	0.784	0.727

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	76.7
LMBIRCH	[-]	78.0	77.9		76.7	81.2		0.935	9.09	1.12		0.602	0.303	0.834	0.813	0.630	0.581
PPE	[-]	79.9	79.8		76.7	81.2		2.70	8.36	1.47		0.576	0.370	0.807	0.858	0.828	0.635
PPE_FINAL	[-]	80.1	80.0		76.7	81.2		3.00	8.39	1.45		0.577	0.374	0.816	0.854	0.820	0.636
R15	[-]	77.7	77.6		76.7	81.2		0.672	9.21	1.07		0.596	0.300	0.844	0.789	0.627	0.576

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	74.9
LMBIRCH	[-]	70.1	70.1		66.5	79.6		5.36	13.7	1.62		0.411	0.290	0.741	0.955	0.628	0.552
PPE	[-]	71.2	71.2		66.5	79.6		6.42	13.1	1.79		0.398	0.339	0.708	0.962	0.770	0.586
PPE_FINAL	[-]	71.5	71.5		66.5	79.6		6.76	13.3	1.70		0.393	0.340	0.728	0.963	0.769	0.589
R15	[-]	69.7	69.7		66.5	79.6		5.01	13.7	1.59		0.411	0.290	0.748	0.952	0.628	0.553

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	37.9
LMBIRCH	[-]	41.8	41.6		37.6	72.6		6.49	12.7	0.670		0.476	0.414	0.871	0.939	0.739	0.642
PPE	[-]	42.4	42.2		37.6	72.6		7.12	12.5	0.731		0.477	0.434	0.862	0.950	0.773	0.655
PPE_FINAL	[-]	42.5	42.3		37.6	72.6		7.20	12.5	0.726		0.477	0.434	0.863	0.952	0.771	0.655
R15	[-]	41.6	41.5		37.6	72.6		6.35	12.7	0.665		0.474	0.415	0.873	0.935	0.738	0.642

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	77.9
LMBIRCH	[-]	88.6	88.6		77.9	83.1		11.2	16.8	2.63		0.157	0.124	0.594	1.00	0.615	0.436
PPE	[-]	89.3	89.3		77.9	83.1		11.9	16.6	3.51		0.141	0.147	0.414	0.996	0.825	0.445
PPE_FINAL	[-]	89.5	89.5		77.9	83.1		12.2	16.8	2.95		0.133	0.147	0.526	0.987	0.818	0.460
R15	[-]	88.6	88.5		77.9	83.1		11.2	16.8	2.57		0.158	0.123	0.605	1.00	0.611	0.437

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	69.8
LMBIRCH	[-]	67.6	67.3		69.3	79.4		0.891	9.70	1.78		0.487	0.302	0.715	0.989	0.608	0.567
PPE	[-]	68.9	68.5		69.3	79.4		2.03	8.98	1.77		0.490	0.380	0.717	0.981	0.785	0.622
PPE_FINAL	[-]	69.2	68.9		69.3	79.4		2.39	9.07	1.76		0.484	0.380	0.719	0.981	0.787	0.622
R15	[-]	67.0	66.6		69.3	79.4		0.241	9.66	1.83		0.476	0.305	0.704	0.985	0.610	0.564

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	69.7
LMBIRCH	[-]	77.1	77.1		69.6	76.2		7.31	11.8	2.70		0.355	0.255	0.580	0.989	0.686	0.520
PPE	[-]	78.0	77.9		69.6	76.2		8.24	11.9	2.65		0.314	0.287	0.585	0.994	0.807	0.546
PPE_FINAL	[-]	78.4	78.3		69.6	76.2		8.59	12.1	2.56		0.296	0.290	0.603	0.989	0.805	0.546
R15	[-]	76.3	76.3		69.6	76.2		6.54	11.5	2.67		0.380	0.249	0.582	0.998	0.687	0.524

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	72.4
LMBIRCH	[-]	82.1	82.1		72.2	82.1		9.96	14.9	1.56		0.296	0.244	0.797	0.958	0.691	0.538
PPE	[-]	83.9	83.8		72.2	82.1		11.6	15.2	1.84		0.242	0.292	0.749	0.923	0.787	0.548
PPE_FINAL	[-]	84.1	84.0		72.2	82.1		11.9	15.3	1.60		0.234	0.300	0.796	0.925	0.780	0.556
R15	[-]	81.9	81.9		72.2	82.1		9.76	14.8	1.48		0.304	0.241	0.811	0.958	0.689	0.541

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	53.7
LMBIRCH	[-]	64.3	64.2		53.6	76.5		11.1	15.8	1.14		0.409	0.419	0.858	0.984	0.783	0.645
PPE	[-]	65.8	65.7		53.6	76.5		12.6	16.3	0.843		0.374	0.456	0.890	0.988	0.835	0.667
PPE_FINAL	[-]	66.1	66.0		53.6	76.5		12.9	16.6	0.760		0.365	0.454	0.902	0.989	0.836	0.667
R15	[-]	64.1	64.0		53.6	76.5		10.9	15.6	1.17		0.415	0.419	0.851	0.982	0.786	0.645

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	84.9
LMBIRCH	[-]	80.6	80.8		84.9	81.5		-4.04	10.6	1.30		0.458	0.249	0.833	0.908	0.524	0.537
PPE	[-]	81.6	81.7		84.9	81.5		-3.11	9.42	1.30		0.462	0.308	0.833	0.948	0.657	0.586
PPE_FINAL	[-]	82.5	82.7		84.9	81.5		-2.22	8.78	1.34		0.501	0.321	0.826	0.972	0.677	0.603
R15	[-]	79.9	80.0		84.9	81.5		-4.79	10.9	1.32		0.432	0.248	0.829	0.910	0.518	0.531

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	70.7
LMBIRCH	[-]	72.4	72.3		70.6	79.3		2.24	13.4	1.40		0.452	0.312	0.812	0.739	0.712	0.556
PPE	[-]	73.4	73.4		70.6	79.3		3.32	12.7	1.45		0.456	0.353	0.801	0.766	0.776	0.584
PPE_FINAL	[-]	73.8	73.6		70.6	79.3		3.60	12.8	1.44		0.452	0.353	0.802	0.766	0.779	0.584
R15	[-]	71.7	71.6		70.6	79.3		1.62	13.1	1.41		0.459	0.314	0.809	0.748	0.709	0.559

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	65.5
LMBIRCH	[-]	64.0	63.4		64.7	83.6		0.578	13.2	1.09		0.435	0.343	0.838	0.972	0.608	0.590
PPE	[-]	64.9	64.2		64.7	83.6		1.37	12.8	1.25		0.432	0.385	0.814	0.970	0.738	0.621
PPE_FINAL	[-]	65.2	64.5		64.7	83.6		1.67	12.9	1.22		0.424	0.386	0.820	0.973	0.738	0.621
R15	[-]	63.8	63.1		64.7	83.6		0.351	13.2	1.02		0.438	0.343	0.847	0.970	0.608	0.591

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Interannual variability Interannual variability score Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

derived ERA interim

  Source_file:

This product is generated from monthly ERA interim observations

  Conventions:

Please contact Prof. James Randerson (Email: jranders@uci.edu) or Dr. Mingquan Mu (mmu@uci.edu) for any question

  Creation_date:

Wed Dec 2 12:03:21 PST 2015

  Approach:

I read the monthly 2m dewpoint temperature and 2m surface air temperature from original file, and calculated 2m relative humidity using the way by John Dutton (Ceaseless Wind, John Dutton. McGraw-Hill, 1976. pp 273-274). The final data were saved by each month and each year.

  Temporal resolution:

monthly

  General information:

This product was derived from ERA interim Dataset (1979-present).

  Spatial resolution:

0.5x0.5, 1x1 and 2.5x2.5 degree

  Derived data code:

http://redwood.ess.uci.edu/mingquan/www/ILAMB/Download/CODES/CODES/subroutines/convert/convert-rhums-ERA-interim.ncl