Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	6.03
CLM4	[-]	9.81	10.0	0.189	6.02	0.00530		2.62	3.18	2.48		0.0798	0.135	0.535	0.594	0.296
CLM4.5	[-]	7.36	7.34	0.231	6.02	0.00530		0.986	2.05	2.14		0.0966	0.194	0.597	0.755	0.367
CLM5	[-]	6.67	6.68	0.214	6.02	0.00530		0.551	1.30	2.09		0.371	0.257	0.610	0.949	0.489

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	4.84
CLM4	[-]	6.13	5.75	0.0137	4.83	0.00451		0.376	1.12	1.23		0.560	0.443	0.802	0.778	0.605
CLM4.5	[-]	3.30	3.08	0.0140	4.83	0.00451		-0.696	1.11	0.853		0.434	0.498	0.873	0.892	0.639
CLM5	[-]	5.02	4.77	0.0253	4.83	0.00451		-0.00221	1.35	1.17		0.553	0.375	0.800	0.950	0.611

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	7.67
CLM4	[-]	6.67	6.36	0.255	7.65	0.0194		-0.306	1.17	1.01		0.386	0.451	0.887	0.839	0.603
CLM4.5	[-]	4.90	4.57	0.276	7.65	0.0194		-0.817	1.34	0.713		0.284	0.510	0.932	0.918	0.631
CLM5	[-]	6.46	6.06	0.338	7.65	0.0194		-0.337	1.56	1.32		0.356	0.336	0.823	0.856	0.541

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.268
CLM4	[-]	0.332	0.318	0.0209	0.266	0.00214		0.0759	1.31	0.582		0.714	0.452	0.904	0.698	0.644
CLM4.5	[-]	1.10	1.07	0.0352	0.266	0.00214		0.761	1.35	0.345		0.696	0.552	0.981	0.591	0.674
CLM5	[-]	1.54	1.50	0.0503	0.266	0.00214		1.14	1.91	0.446		0.569	0.470	0.962	0.479	0.590

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	5.87
CLM4	[-]	10.5	9.14	1.35	5.72	0.154		5.71	5.93	1.92		0.00782	0.105	0.695	0.965	0.375
CLM4.5	[-]	8.07	6.87	1.16	5.72	0.154		3.27	3.51	2.46		0.0444	0.184	0.593	0.856	0.372
CLM5	[-]	5.91	4.93	0.936	5.72	0.154		0.871	1.97	2.33		0.162	0.266	0.633	0.373	0.340

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	4.81
CLM4	[-]	6.17	5.97	0.0603	4.80	0.00239		0.384	1.41	0.232		0.732	0.578	0.984	0.870	0.748
CLM4.5	[-]	6.56	6.34	0.0750	4.80	0.00239		0.503	1.25	0.297		0.732	0.644	0.977	0.896	0.779
CLM5	[-]	6.98	6.73	0.0799	4.80	0.00239		0.619	1.37	0.361		0.688	0.629	0.975	0.828	0.750

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	8.54
CLM4	[-]	12.1	11.9	0.385	8.50	0.0389		0.625	1.20	0.674		0.417	0.551	0.962	0.644	0.625
CLM4.5	[-]	10.8	10.5	0.368	8.50	0.0389		0.410	0.936	0.735		0.508	0.593	0.960	0.768	0.685
CLM5	[-]	9.61	9.44	0.303	8.50	0.0389		0.225	0.876	0.880		0.658	0.558	0.914	0.955	0.729

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	6.81
CLM4	[-]	9.83	9.21	0.450	6.77	0.0385		1.44	2.02	1.44		0.262	0.293	0.778	0.734	0.472
CLM4.5	[-]	7.50	6.88	0.486	6.77	0.0385		0.517	1.56	1.05		0.310	0.374	0.847	0.819	0.545
CLM5	[-]	6.61	6.00	0.460	6.77	0.0385		0.0965	1.35	2.16		0.401	0.365	0.635	0.915	0.536

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.433
CLM4	[-]	0.236	0.250	0.00753	0.432	0.000674		-0.134	1.47	0.301		0.734	0.432	1.00	0.687	0.657
CLM4.5	[-]	1.29	1.32	0.0202	0.432	0.000674		0.732	1.21	0.204		0.752	0.641	0.994	0.797	0.765
CLM5	[-]	1.95	1.97	0.0325	0.432	0.000674		1.27	1.92	0.258		0.574	0.503	0.987	0.641	0.642

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.22
CLM4	[-]	3.37	2.96	0.382	3.19	0.0315		0.0856	0.620	1.22		0.465	0.412	0.843	0.702	0.567
CLM4.5	[-]	3.43	2.99	0.421	3.19	0.0315		0.122	0.662	0.962		0.457	0.412	0.902	0.767	0.590
CLM5	[-]	4.76	4.21	0.516	3.19	0.0315		0.605	1.11	1.50		0.359	0.227	0.834	0.614	0.452

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	4.41
CLM4	[-]	3.53	3.34	0.155	4.39	0.0266		-0.284	1.33	1.06		0.578	0.450	0.858	0.919	0.651
CLM4.5	[-]	4.61	4.35	0.199	4.39	0.0266		0.303	1.06	0.725		0.677	0.532	0.926	0.962	0.726
CLM5	[-]	4.67	4.39	0.211	4.39	0.0266		0.354	1.28	0.400		0.621	0.534	0.971	0.926	0.717

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	94.3
CLM4	[-]	123.	119.	4.84	93.6	0.649		0.724	1.53	1.14		0.305	0.343	0.793	0.745	0.506
CLM4.5	[-]	106.	101.	5.23	93.6	0.649		0.348	1.23	1.01		0.353	0.390	0.829	0.896	0.571
CLM5	[-]	109.	104.	5.19	93.6	0.649		0.408	1.30	1.14		0.398	0.370	0.807	0.941	0.577

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.942
CLM4	[-]	0.953	0.919	0.0420	0.937	0.00548		0.0255	0.248	2.27		0.414	0.373	0.736	0.902	0.560
CLM4.5	[-]	0.958	0.917	0.0500	0.937	0.00548		0.0370	0.263	2.17		0.427	0.372	0.834	0.901	0.581
CLM5	[-]	1.43	1.39	0.0703	0.937	0.00548		0.204	0.451	1.78		0.380	0.207	0.901	0.874	0.514

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.28
CLM4	[-]	1.12	1.09	0.0261	1.28	0.00304		-0.0521	0.692	0.648		0.649	0.517	0.975	0.829	0.698
CLM4.5	[-]	2.28	2.19	0.0582	1.28	0.00304		0.444	0.925	0.765		0.516	0.465	0.957	0.601	0.601
CLM5	[-]	2.88	2.77	0.0828	1.28	0.00304		0.702	1.43	0.555		0.413	0.303	0.960	0.466	0.489

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.84
CLM4	[-]	2.39	2.07	0.254	2.81	0.0214		-0.194	1.55	1.38		0.236	0.323	0.801	0.876	0.512
CLM4.5	[-]	2.92	2.46	0.379	2.81	0.0214		0.399	1.64	1.01		0.255	0.282	0.864	0.821	0.501
CLM5	[-]	3.10	2.61	0.413	2.81	0.0214		0.587	1.56	1.56		0.322	0.289	0.745	0.879	0.505

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.76
CLM4	[-]	6.22	5.96	0.179	3.75	0.00457		1.72	2.17	0.728		0.350	0.494	0.942	0.526	0.561
CLM4.5	[-]	5.27	5.02	0.171	3.75	0.00457		1.08	1.60	0.741		0.494	0.542	0.942	0.712	0.646
CLM5	[-]	4.34	4.11	0.137	3.75	0.00457		0.405	1.21	0.654		0.632	0.588	0.947	0.969	0.745

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.78
CLM4	[-]	4.10	4.05	0.0665	2.76	0.0181		0.758	1.21	0.209		0.531	0.608	0.986	0.688	0.684
CLM4.5	[-]	4.64	4.60	0.0693	2.76	0.0181		1.06	1.37	0.245		0.466	0.585	0.984	0.734	0.671
CLM5	[-]	4.83	4.78	0.0718	2.76	0.0181		1.16	1.66	0.337		0.466	0.474	0.975	0.766	0.631

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.53
CLM4	[-]	1.59	1.65	0.0106	1.52	0.00362		0.134	0.607	0.731		0.560	0.513	0.938	0.857	0.676
CLM4.5	[-]	1.33	1.39	0.0139	1.52	0.00362		-0.0462	0.548	0.762		0.610	0.513	0.925	0.947	0.701
CLM5	[-]	1.51	1.59	0.0124	1.52	0.00362		0.0974	0.841	0.770		0.469	0.402	0.932	0.853	0.611

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	18.7
CLM4	[-]	26.5	26.3	0.150	18.7	0.0172		2.64	3.39	2.37		0.0575	0.145	0.608	0.584	0.308
CLM4.5	[-]	20.2	20.0	0.172	18.7	0.0172		0.636	1.88	2.05		0.234	0.172	0.683	0.796	0.411
CLM5	[-]	18.7	18.4	0.164	18.7	0.0172		0.0893	1.52	1.83		0.195	0.268	0.738	0.968	0.487

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	8.12
CLM4	[-]	10.2	10.1	0.259	8.11	0.00281		0.930	2.32	1.32		0.261	0.341	0.856	0.368	0.433
CLM4.5	[-]	7.53	7.29	0.304	8.11	0.00281		-0.237	1.70	1.01		0.312	0.423	0.893	0.563	0.523
CLM5	[-]	9.80	9.62	0.313	8.11	0.00281		0.762	1.82	1.19		0.344	0.331	0.875	0.671	0.510

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.01
CLM4	[-]	1.22	1.18	0.0389	0.996	0.0112		0.351	0.735	1.41		0.315	0.345	0.804	0.620	0.486
CLM4.5	[-]	1.15	1.09	0.0466	0.996	0.0112		0.267	0.722	1.30		0.277	0.361	0.844	0.744	0.517
CLM5	[-]	1.52	1.40	0.0698	0.996	0.0112		0.586	0.994	1.40		0.245	0.280	0.877	0.793	0.495

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  creation_date: Tue Jul 28 16:12:17 PDT 2015

  Conventions: Please contact Prof. James Randerson (Email: jranders@uci.edu) or Dr. Mingquan Mu (mmu@uci.edu) for any question

  source_file: This product is generated from monthly Global Biosphere Amtospher Flux (GBAF) observations

  title: derived GBAF in 0.5x0.5

  Approach: I read this variable from data file, and then save the data in NetCDF format by each month and each year. Meanwhile, I also converted the unit from gC/m2/day to KgC/m2/day.

  Temporal resolution: monthly

  General information: This product was derived from Monthly estimates of global biosphere-atmosphere fluxes from Biogeochemistry group at Max Planck Institute in Jena, Germany.

  Spatial resolution: 0.5x0.5 degree

  Derived data code: http://redwood.ess.uci.edu/mingquan/www/ILAMB/Download/CODES/CODES/subroutines/convert/convert-reco-GBAF.ncl