Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.30
CLM4	[-]	0.258	0.265	0.00275	1.30	0.000524		-0.653	1.29	2.97		0.0364	-0.0114	0.490	0.124	0.126
CLM4.5	[-]	0.269	0.274	0.00475	1.30	0.000524		-0.646	1.16	3.14		0.0374	0.0835	0.400	0.0896	0.139
CLM5	[-]	0.286	0.299	0.00485	1.30	0.000524		-0.630	0.998	2.72		0.0466	0.208	0.569	0.0925	0.225

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.184
CLM4	[-]	0.137	0.127	0.000289	0.184	0.000637		-0.0227	0.945	1.26		0.916	-0.535	0.396	0.0380	0.0560
CLM4.5	[-]	0.213	0.204	0.000273	0.184	0.000637		0.00871	0.802	1.70		1.01	0.500	0.0939	0.0206	0.425
CLM5	[-]	0.336	0.318	0.000670	0.184	0.000637		0.0543	0.812	2.33		1.22	0.549	0.314	0.0677	0.539

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.55
CLM4	[-]	0.221	0.216	0.00426	2.55	0.00428		-0.708	1.13	2.61		0.132	0.199	0.357	0.0156	0.181
CLM4.5	[-]	0.260	0.252	0.00675	2.55	0.00428		-0.696	1.12	2.85		0.138	0.250	0.297	0.00964	0.189
CLM5	[-]	0.543	0.529	0.0117	2.55	0.00428		-0.611	0.985	2.36		0.168	0.333	0.503	0.0584	0.279

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.0114
CLM4	[-]	0.00555	0.00578	-1.60e-05	0.0112	0.000146		-0.00464	0.341	1.10		1.94	0.775	2.28	0.0142	1.16
CLM4.5	[-]	0.0135	0.0134	0.000222	0.0112	0.000146		0.00214	0.442	0.588		2.07	1.24	1.17	0.0624	1.16
CLM5	[-]	0.0680	0.0678	0.000595	0.0112	0.000146		0.0504	0.649	0.322		2.68	1.38	1.35	0.435	1.45

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.09
CLM4	[-]	0.212	0.180	0.0309	1.06	0.0305		-0.801	1.20	2.39		0.0364	0.0836	0.635	0.283	0.224
CLM4.5	[-]	0.297	0.259	0.0371	1.06	0.0305		-0.711	1.02	2.37		0.0478	0.159	0.648	0.278	0.258
CLM5	[-]	0.279	0.238	0.0395	1.06	0.0305		-0.731	0.895	2.21		0.0458	0.180	0.669	0.193	0.254

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.881
CLM4	[-]	0.245	0.238	0.00161	0.880	0.000520		-0.196	0.701	0.569		0.748	0.486	0.955	0.210	0.577
CLM4.5	[-]	0.288	0.278	0.00191	0.880	0.000520		-0.184	0.710	0.403		0.760	0.514	0.976	0.366	0.626
CLM5	[-]	0.473	0.456	0.00251	0.880	0.000520		-0.130	0.720	0.523		0.800	0.497	0.967	0.427	0.638

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.44
CLM4	[-]	0.280	0.277	0.00977	1.44	-0.00125		-0.178	0.661	1.67		0.575	0.432	0.904	0.0743	0.483
CLM4.5	[-]	0.451	0.447	0.0114	1.44	-0.00125		-0.151	0.626	1.72		0.609	0.461	0.886	0.118	0.507
CLM5	[-]	0.899	0.891	0.0180	1.44	-0.00125		-0.0806	0.645	1.89		0.694	0.537	0.962	0.278	0.602

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.10
CLM4	[-]	0.300	0.282	0.0125	1.09	0.00674		-0.315	1.22	2.48		0.223	0.0636	0.434	0.127	0.182
CLM4.5	[-]	0.269	0.253	0.0119	1.09	0.00674		-0.327	1.08	2.66		0.219	0.128	0.420	0.123	0.204
CLM5	[-]	0.552	0.527	0.0214	1.09	0.00674		-0.212	1.01	3.41		0.286	0.253	0.473	0.141	0.281

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.0283
CLM4	[-]	0.00658	0.00734	4.40e-05	-0.0281	-0.000156		0.0264	0.347	1.14		-0.111	0.257	0.125	0.0193	0.110
CLM4.5	[-]	-0.00715	-0.00654	7.22e-05	-0.0281	-0.000156		0.0154	0.511	0.357		-0.0577	-0.393	0.954	0.229	0.0676
CLM5	[-]	0.0456	0.0472	0.000382	-0.0281	-0.000156		0.0585	0.756	0.272		-0.288	-0.567	0.989	0.453	0.00412

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.545
CLM4	[-]	0.0907	0.0762	0.0135	-0.550	0.00575		0.219	0.615	1.25		-0.137	0.208	0.824	0.0338	0.227
CLM4.5	[-]	0.137	0.123	0.0129	-0.550	0.00575		0.234	0.666	1.09		-0.152	0.0289	0.799	0.0385	0.149
CLM5	[-]	0.163	0.147	0.0154	-0.550	0.00575		0.244	0.630	1.75		-0.167	0.0556	0.587	0.0407	0.114

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.00
CLM4	[-]	0.0848	0.0802	0.00369	0.994	0.00608		-0.456	1.01	0.539		0.607	0.453	0.968	0.0461	0.505
CLM4.5	[-]	0.159	0.151	0.00612	0.994	0.00608		-0.418	0.980	0.411		0.628	0.510	0.969	0.0920	0.542
CLM5	[-]	0.461	0.443	0.0144	0.994	0.00608		-0.255	0.993	0.292		0.731	0.538	0.983	0.421	0.642

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	17.1
CLM4	[-]	3.18	3.06	0.113	17.0	0.111		-0.298	0.843	1.70		0.287	0.208	0.598	0.0735	0.275
CLM4.5	[-]	4.16	4.02	0.140	17.0	0.111		-0.277	0.813	1.68		0.301	0.283	0.570	0.0892	0.305
CLM5	[-]	6.55	6.35	0.196	17.0	0.111		-0.224	0.796	1.76		0.340	0.362	0.666	0.145	0.375

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.413
CLM4	[-]	0.0262	0.0248	0.00139	-0.410	-0.00273		0.144	0.271	1.77		-0.00300	0.295	0.676	0.0114	0.255
CLM4.5	[-]	0.0336	0.0323	0.00167	-0.410	-0.00273		0.147	0.280	1.44		-0.0109	0.269	0.772	0.0294	0.266
CLM5	[-]	0.109	0.104	0.00626	-0.410	-0.00273		0.173	0.387	2.44		-0.0487	0.0616	0.604	0.115	0.159

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.223
CLM4	[-]	0.0210	0.0208	0.000217	-0.223	-0.000381		0.103	0.311	1.16		0.0432	0.302	0.733	0.0146	0.279
CLM4.5	[-]	0.0404	0.0395	0.000609	-0.223	-0.000381		0.111	0.447	0.874		0.0306	0.255	0.818	0.0396	0.280
CLM5	[-]	0.0647	0.0636	0.000818	-0.223	-0.000381		0.121	0.581	0.783		0.0217	0.204	0.826	0.143	0.280

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.603
CLM4	[-]	0.0598	0.0529	0.00556	0.600	0.00308		-0.519	0.984	2.61		0.132	0.167	0.518	0.0288	0.203
CLM4.5	[-]	0.112	0.100	0.00972	0.600	0.00308		-0.464	1.02	2.88		0.154	0.151	0.427	0.0758	0.192
CLM5	[-]	0.194	0.176	0.0153	0.600	0.00308		-0.381	0.795	2.27		0.203	0.290	0.694	0.151	0.326

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.18
CLM4	[-]	0.197	0.191	0.00435	1.18	0.000875		-0.679	1.46	0.704		0.532	0.390	0.929	0.175	0.483
CLM4.5	[-]	0.212	0.203	0.00548	1.18	0.000875		-0.669	1.31	0.727		0.536	0.452	0.932	0.174	0.509
CLM5	[-]	0.450	0.434	0.00648	1.18	0.000875		-0.511	1.14	0.527		0.578	0.551	0.959	0.289	0.586

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.411
CLM4	[-]	0.110	0.109	0.00142	0.406	0.00483		-0.154	0.751	0.773		0.666	0.473	0.943	0.110	0.533
CLM4.5	[-]	0.183	0.182	0.00158	0.406	0.00483		-0.115	0.807	0.526		0.691	0.462	0.958	0.216	0.558
CLM5	[-]	0.277	0.276	0.00217	0.406	0.00483		-0.0651	0.766	0.663		0.707	0.450	0.929	0.442	0.596

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.179
CLM4	[-]	0.0740	0.0750	0.000699	0.178	0.00105		-0.0664	0.513	0.934		0.765	0.555	1.04	0.0522	0.594
CLM4.5	[-]	0.0898	0.0925	0.000751	0.178	0.00105		-0.0547	0.518	0.909		0.801	0.652	1.07	0.0902	0.654
CLM5	[-]	0.142	0.151	0.000657	0.178	0.00105		-0.0138	0.613	1.09		0.852	0.563	1.21	0.206	0.680

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.99
CLM4	[-]	0.666	0.661	0.00258	3.99	0.00401		-1.08	1.38	3.30		0.0245	0.0885	0.437	0.499	0.227
CLM4.5	[-]	0.804	0.798	0.00406	3.99	0.00401		-1.03	1.25	3.08		0.0271	0.151	0.484	0.300	0.223
CLM5	[-]	0.698	0.691	0.00325	3.99	0.00401		-1.07	1.18	3.45		0.0264	0.177	0.403	0.310	0.219

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.26
CLM4	[-]	0.139	0.140	0.00261	2.26	0.000612		-0.891	1.45	2.48		0.261	0.238	0.611	0.114	0.293
CLM4.5	[-]	0.284	0.282	0.00579	2.26	0.000612		-0.831	1.27	2.93		0.285	0.278	0.515	0.122	0.296
CLM5	[-]	0.415	0.415	0.00833	2.26	0.000612		-0.775	1.06	1.60		0.311	0.397	0.775	0.292	0.434

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.0847
CLM4	[-]	0.0356	0.0330	0.00136	0.0819	0.00275		-0.0417	0.502	1.73		0.741	0.496	0.774	0.0397	0.509
CLM4.5	[-]	0.0408	0.0378	0.00132	0.0819	0.00275		-0.0375	0.533	2.05		0.760	0.506	0.955	0.0406	0.554
CLM5	[-]	0.0805	0.0738	0.00285	0.0819	0.00275		-0.00295	0.581	1.76		0.883	0.869	0.857	0.116	0.719

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  creation_date: Thu Jul 30 15:10:46 PDT 2015

  Conventions: Please contact Prof. James Randerson (Email: jranders@uci.edu) or Dr. Mingquan Mu (mmu@uci.edu) for any question

  source_file: This product is generated from monthly Global Biosphere Amtospher Flux (GBAF) observations

  title: derived GBAF in 0.5x0.5

  Approach: I read this variable from data file, and then save the data in NetCDF format by each month and each year. Meanwhile, I also converted the unit from gC/m2/day to KgC/m2/day.

  Temporal resolution: monthly

  General information: This product was derived from Monthly estimates of global biosphere-atmosphere fluxes from Biogeochemistry group at Max Planck Institute in Jena, Germany.

  Spatial resolution: 0.5x0.5 degree

  Derived data code: http://redwood.ess.uci.edu/mingquan/www/ILAMB/Download/CODES/CODES/subroutines/convert/convert-nee-GBAF.ncl