Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	304.
CLM4	[-]	305.	305.	304.	304.	304.		1.52	1.88	0.459		0.345	0.615	0.935	0.991	0.796	0.716
CLM4.5	[-]	305.	305.	304.	304.	304.		1.68	2.01	0.366		0.311	0.642	0.952	0.998	0.806	0.725
CLM5	[-]	305.	305.	304.	304.	304.		1.75	2.06	0.325		0.300	0.649	0.958	0.999	0.801	0.726

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	307.
CLM4	[-]	309.	309.	305.	307.	305.		1.94	2.18	0.193		0.499	0.754	0.984	0.997	0.888	0.813
CLM4.5	[-]	309.	309.	305.	307.	305.		1.90	2.14	0.180		0.505	0.763	0.985	0.997	0.882	0.816
CLM5	[-]	309.	309.	305.	307.	305.		1.99	2.21	0.171		0.491	0.768	0.986	0.997	0.882	0.815

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	301.
CLM4	[-]	303.	303.	300.	301.	302.		1.74	2.08	0.353		0.443	0.713	0.957	0.997	0.837	0.777
CLM4.5	[-]	303.	303.	300.	301.	302.		1.70	2.02	0.331		0.451	0.726	0.960	0.998	0.832	0.782
CLM5	[-]	303.	303.	300.	301.	302.		1.80	2.10	0.302		0.436	0.738	0.963	0.998	0.831	0.784

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	266.
CLM4	[-]	266.	266.	269.	266.	269.		0.173	1.90	0.0369		0.949	0.898	0.998	1.00	0.902	0.941
CLM4.5	[-]	266.	266.	269.	266.	269.		0.286	1.84	0.0370		0.947	0.904	0.998	0.998	0.903	0.942
CLM5	[-]	266.	266.	270.	266.	269.		0.589	1.77	0.0318		0.941	0.912	0.998	0.999	0.901	0.944

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	304.
CLM4	[-]	305.	305.	303.	304.	303.		0.751	1.39	1.12		0.260	0.504	0.832	0.938	0.831	0.645
CLM4.5	[-]	305.	305.	304.	304.	303.		1.19	1.73	1.04		0.181	0.511	0.844	0.911	0.808	0.627
CLM5	[-]	305.	305.	304.	304.	303.		1.33	1.84	1.04		0.163	0.510	0.845	0.900	0.811	0.623

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	276.
CLM4	[-]	276.	276.	277.	276.	278.		0.268	1.23	0.00650		0.959	0.935	1.00	1.00	0.968	0.966
CLM4.5	[-]	276.	276.	277.	276.	278.		0.0688	1.22	0.00686		0.961	0.934	1.00	1.00	0.971	0.966
CLM5	[-]	276.	276.	278.	276.	278.		0.272	1.09	0.00657		0.962	0.943	1.00	1.00	0.971	0.970

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	286.
CLM4	[-]	287.	286.	291.	286.	289.		0.954	1.64	0.0595		0.868	0.925	0.995	1.00	0.934	0.941
CLM4.5	[-]	287.	286.	291.	286.	289.		0.859	1.63	0.0572		0.872	0.923	0.996	1.00	0.935	0.941
CLM5	[-]	287.	286.	291.	286.	289.		0.949	1.62	0.0587		0.869	0.927	0.996	1.00	0.942	0.943

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	302.
CLM4	[-]	304.	304.	304.	302.	304.		1.25	1.89	0.199		0.611	0.798	0.980	0.999	0.899	0.848
CLM4.5	[-]	304.	304.	304.	302.	304.		1.29	1.89	0.192		0.607	0.809	0.981	0.999	0.910	0.853
CLM5	[-]	304.	304.	304.	302.	304.		1.34	1.91	0.200		0.600	0.817	0.980	1.00	0.917	0.855

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	268.
CLM4	[-]	267.	267.	269.	268.	268.		-0.538	1.73	0.00954		0.953	0.906	0.999	1.00	0.917	0.947
CLM4.5	[-]	267.	267.	269.	268.	268.		-0.508	1.64	0.0150		0.955	0.911	0.999	1.00	0.915	0.948
CLM5	[-]	267.	267.	269.	268.	268.		-0.198	1.44	0.0151		0.965	0.919	0.999	1.00	0.912	0.952

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	301.
CLM4	[-]	303.	303.	297.	301.	299.		1.75	2.00	0.125		0.674	0.872	0.991	0.997	0.891	0.883
CLM4.5	[-]	303.	303.	297.	301.	299.		1.71	1.96	0.125		0.679	0.874	0.991	0.998	0.897	0.885
CLM5	[-]	303.	303.	297.	301.	299.		1.76	1.99	0.114		0.673	0.880	0.991	0.997	0.905	0.888

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	286.
CLM4	[-]	286.	286.	287.	286.	289.		0.417	1.43	0.184		0.872	0.894	0.988	0.990	0.936	0.929
CLM4.5	[-]	286.	286.	287.	286.	289.		0.438	1.36	0.152		0.879	0.898	0.990	0.994	0.937	0.932
CLM5	[-]	286.	286.	287.	286.	289.		0.520	1.28	0.193		0.881	0.906	0.987	0.997	0.941	0.936

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	292.
CLM4	[-]	288.	293.	250.	292.	295.		1.03	1.85	0.183		0.695	0.826	0.979	0.996	0.908	0.872
CLM4.5	[-]	289.	293.	251.	292.	295.		1.02	1.84	0.171		0.692	0.832	0.981	0.996	0.908	0.873
CLM5	[-]	289.	293.	252.	292.	295.		1.15	1.82	0.166		0.687	0.840	0.981	0.997	0.910	0.876

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	303.
CLM4	[-]	304.	304.	301.	303.	303.		1.71	2.11	0.110		0.735	0.890	0.991	0.998	0.912	0.903
CLM4.5	[-]	304.	304.	301.	303.	303.		1.65	2.05	0.112		0.742	0.891	0.991	0.998	0.912	0.904
CLM5	[-]	304.	304.	301.	303.	303.		1.71	2.09	0.115		0.736	0.892	0.991	0.998	0.913	0.904

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	268.
CLM4	[-]	268.	268.	267.	268.	270.		0.0371	1.81	0.0273		0.939	0.885	0.998	0.999	0.914	0.937
CLM4.5	[-]	268.	268.	267.	268.	270.		0.0152	1.72	0.0164		0.942	0.890	0.999	0.999	0.914	0.939
CLM5	[-]	269.	269.	268.	268.	270.		0.359	1.57	0.0160		0.940	0.903	0.999	0.999	0.912	0.943

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	302.
CLM4	[-]	303.	303.	303.	302.	303.		1.30	2.03	0.286		0.542	0.739	0.973	0.986	0.906	0.814
CLM4.5	[-]	303.	303.	303.	302.	303.		1.29	2.01	0.283		0.545	0.739	0.973	0.987	0.908	0.815
CLM5	[-]	303.	303.	303.	302.	303.		1.39	2.06	0.284		0.533	0.747	0.973	0.988	0.908	0.816

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	292.
CLM4	[-]	293.	293.	299.	292.	297.		1.00	1.27	0.103		0.881	0.937	0.993	0.999	0.968	0.952
CLM4.5	[-]	293.	293.	299.	292.	297.		0.869	1.22	0.0862		0.890	0.933	0.994	0.998	0.964	0.952
CLM5	[-]	293.	293.	299.	292.	297.		0.973	1.27	0.0812		0.882	0.935	0.995	0.997	0.964	0.951

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	279.
CLM4	[-]	280.	280.	281.	279.	282.		0.620	1.33	0.0410		0.922	0.919	0.997	0.997	0.959	0.952
CLM4.5	[-]	280.	280.	281.	279.	282.		0.464	1.22	0.0343		0.931	0.922	0.998	0.997	0.958	0.955
CLM5	[-]	280.	280.	281.	279.	282.		0.601	1.19	0.0353		0.928	0.928	0.998	0.999	0.959	0.956

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	291.
CLM4	[-]	292.	292.	292.	291.	292.		1.22	1.73	0.0457		0.846	0.909	0.997	0.999	0.933	0.932
CLM4.5	[-]	292.	292.	292.	291.	292.		1.06	1.70	0.0461		0.855	0.901	0.997	0.999	0.928	0.930
CLM5	[-]	292.	292.	293.	291.	292.		1.18	1.71	0.0437		0.849	0.908	0.997	0.999	0.942	0.934

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	304.
CLM4	[-]	305.	305.	304.	304.	304.		1.32	1.70	0.416		0.310	0.608	0.944	1.00	0.907	0.730
CLM4.5	[-]	306.	306.	304.	304.	304.		1.65	1.96	0.410		0.244	0.639	0.945	1.00	0.903	0.728
CLM5	[-]	306.	306.	304.	304.	304.		1.72	2.01	0.388		0.233	0.648	0.948	1.00	0.903	0.730

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	301.
CLM4	[-]	303.	303.	300.	301.	297.		1.63	1.81	0.319		0.498	0.763	0.961	0.999	0.921	0.817
CLM4.5	[-]	303.	303.	300.	301.	297.		1.64	1.80	0.290		0.497	0.773	0.965	0.999	0.926	0.822
CLM5	[-]	303.	303.	300.	301.	297.		1.72	1.88	0.284		0.481	0.782	0.964	0.999	0.926	0.822

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	290.
CLM4	[-]	292.	292.	293.	290.	289.		1.63	2.42	0.301		0.555	0.749	0.960	0.995	0.911	0.820
CLM4.5	[-]	292.	292.	293.	290.	289.		1.53	2.38	0.290		0.564	0.748	0.961	0.994	0.910	0.821
CLM5	[-]	292.	292.	293.	290.	289.		1.69	2.38	0.285		0.555	0.763	0.963	0.995	0.916	0.826

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Interannual variability Interannual variability score Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  creation_date: Fri Feb 8 14:12:14 PST 2019

  contact: Please contact Prof. James Randerson (Email: jranders@uci.edu) or Dr. Forrest Hoffman (forrest@climatemodeling.org) for any question

  history: 2018-01-15: download from https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/hrg/cru_ts_4.01/cruts.1709081022.v4.01/ 2019-02-06: converted and created to netCDF4 for ILAMB package

  original_resolution: 0.5x0.5

  resolution: 0.5x0.5

  original_frequency: mon

  frequency: mon

  references: Harris et al., 2014, Int. J. Climatol., doi:10.1002/joc.3711

  institution: Original Data held at British Atmospheric Data Centre, RAL, UK.

  source: Run ID = 1709081022. Data generated from:TMX derived from gridded TMP & DTR absolutes, DTR in turn derived from tmn.1708171135.dtb, tmx.1708171215.dtb

  title: CRU TS4.01 Maximum Temperature

  Conventions: CF-1.7