Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	44.1
CLM4	[-]	33.4	32.9	44.0	44.2	12.4		-10.8	25.0	1.50		0.259	0.157	0.747	0.786	0.421
CLM4.5	[-]	43.0	42.5	49.2	44.2	12.4		-1.35	17.2	1.43		0.434	0.197	0.764	0.953	0.509
CLM5	[-]	45.4	45.0	52.0	44.2	12.4		1.09	14.3	1.87		0.481	0.266	0.698	0.950	0.532

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	57.5
CLM4	[-]	45.9	46.1	63.1	57.5	20.8		-11.4	22.5	0.597		0.384	0.388	0.952	0.915	0.605
CLM4.5	[-]	48.4	48.5	66.9	57.5	20.8		-9.01	20.5	0.611		0.426	0.405	0.955	0.856	0.609
CLM5	[-]	50.8	50.9	67.0	57.5	20.8		-6.70	20.0	0.772		0.447	0.430	0.936	0.843	0.617

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	52.8
CLM4	[-]	50.8	50.7	56.1	53.0	19.6		-2.02	19.8	0.537		0.549	0.420	0.950	0.959	0.659
CLM4.5	[-]	52.3	52.1	57.5	53.0	19.6		-0.550	17.7	0.541		0.570	0.461	0.950	0.975	0.683
CLM5	[-]	56.3	56.1	61.4	53.0	19.6		3.43	17.7	0.747		0.576	0.490	0.915	0.971	0.688

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	18.0
CLM4	[-]	15.7	16.1	8.52	18.1	5.64		-2.47	21.6	0.527		0.792	0.455	0.963	0.954	0.724
CLM4.5	[-]	15.6	16.0	8.75	18.1	5.64		-2.58	18.6	0.528		0.801	0.518	0.964	0.963	0.753
CLM5	[-]	15.6	16.0	7.19	18.1	5.64		-2.63	19.1	0.548		0.786	0.515	0.959	0.930	0.741

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	22.1
CLM4	[-]	2.67	0.0105	16.0	22.8	10.8		-18.5	27.9	1.60		0.0685	0.122	0.756	0.356	0.285
CLM4.5	[-]	24.0	22.4	31.7	22.8	10.8		2.21	16.8	1.36		0.261	0.159	0.800	0.784	0.433
CLM5	[-]	32.3	31.3	36.9	22.8	10.8		10.5	16.4	1.34		0.305	0.199	0.799	0.866	0.474

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	27.0
CLM4	[-]	27.6	27.7	24.5	27.1	8.81		0.785	12.7	0.371		0.823	0.650	0.972	0.926	0.804
CLM4.5	[-]	21.8	21.9	25.1	27.1	8.81		-5.08	14.7	0.686		0.755	0.615	0.935	0.974	0.779
CLM5	[-]	20.6	20.5	27.0	27.1	8.81		-6.35	15.9	0.553		0.733	0.601	0.949	0.935	0.764

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	28.4
CLM4	[-]	34.0	33.8	37.9	28.4	24.4		5.32	19.5	1.01		0.642	0.495	0.876	0.934	0.689
CLM4.5	[-]	32.7	32.4	38.1	28.4	24.4		3.93	19.2	0.921		0.655	0.495	0.888	0.933	0.693
CLM5	[-]	35.5	35.2	39.6	28.4	24.4		6.80	19.3	0.795		0.664	0.515	0.920	0.937	0.710

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	40.3
CLM4	[-]	33.3	33.1	35.7	40.6	11.0		-7.99	21.7	0.551		0.467	0.440	0.957	0.941	0.649
CLM4.5	[-]	37.9	37.7	41.3	40.6	11.0		-3.11	19.7	0.534		0.536	0.467	0.959	0.838	0.653
CLM5	[-]	37.6	37.1	42.1	40.6	11.0		-3.33	20.5	0.882		0.499	0.461	0.910	0.879	0.642

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	15.2
CLM4	[-]	9.70	10.2	2.25	15.2	3.78		-5.26	21.1	0.793		0.790	0.467	0.945	0.954	0.725
CLM4.5	[-]	6.99	7.38	0.646	15.2	3.78		-8.07	20.0	0.724		0.705	0.504	0.945	0.910	0.713
CLM5	[-]	4.37	4.77	-2.26	15.2	3.78		-10.7	22.1	0.816		0.642	0.486	0.933	0.847	0.679

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	56.5
CLM4	[-]	58.3	58.7	49.3	56.9	15.0		1.34	17.3	0.703		0.696	0.559	0.949	0.885	0.730
CLM4.5	[-]	58.4	58.7	52.3	56.9	15.0		1.47	17.9	0.697		0.689	0.551	0.947	0.813	0.710
CLM5	[-]	59.7	60.1	51.0	56.9	15.0		2.71	15.4	0.540		0.712	0.620	0.962	0.893	0.761

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	20.2
CLM4	[-]	21.2	20.8	29.3	20.4	7.08		1.27	16.0	0.935		0.757	0.575	0.903	0.874	0.736
CLM4.5	[-]	20.4	20.0	28.9	20.4	7.08		0.509	15.7	0.859		0.739	0.596	0.913	0.832	0.735
CLM5	[-]	19.6	19.2	29.0	20.4	7.08		-0.160	16.0	0.832		0.722	0.598	0.916	0.822	0.731

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	34.3
CLM4	[-]	28.7	33.7	8.31	34.6	11.5		-1.01	21.1	0.849		0.556	0.450	0.915	0.926	0.660
CLM4.5	[-]	30.0	35.1	9.33	34.6	11.5		0.459	19.4	0.815		0.592	0.463	0.922	0.937	0.675
CLM5	[-]	31.0	36.8	6.87	34.6	11.5		2.16	19.1	0.881		0.599	0.490	0.911	0.925	0.683

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	22.7
CLM4	[-]	45.1	46.8	43.5	22.8	18.3		24.7	36.1	1.09		0.505	0.500	0.948	0.765	0.644
CLM4.5	[-]	45.2	47.1	43.4	22.8	18.3		25.1	36.2	1.09		0.505	0.499	0.948	0.773	0.645
CLM5	[-]	45.5	48.2	43.0	22.8	18.3		26.2	36.6	1.26		0.509	0.485	0.937	0.776	0.639

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	17.0
CLM4	[-]	13.1	13.9	2.15	17.0	4.51		-3.84	20.0	0.610		0.780	0.522	0.962	0.870	0.731
CLM4.5	[-]	10.6	11.1	2.08	17.0	4.51		-6.38	18.4	0.690		0.737	0.555	0.952	0.914	0.743
CLM5	[-]	9.34	9.87	0.733	17.0	4.51		-7.63	21.0	0.966		0.705	0.511	0.907	0.884	0.704

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	47.7
CLM4	[-]	46.5	46.2	51.6	48.2	15.9		-2.29	22.5	0.615		0.514	0.488	0.942	0.907	0.668
CLM4.5	[-]	47.0	46.5	54.2	48.2	15.9		-1.70	23.7	0.576		0.495	0.477	0.945	0.904	0.660
CLM5	[-]	50.2	49.8	55.9	48.2	15.9		1.46	21.3	0.676		0.515	0.534	0.932	0.885	0.680

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	28.6
CLM4	[-]	23.8	23.7	22.9	28.7	12.1		-4.86	16.7	0.927		0.632	0.400	0.910	0.960	0.660
CLM4.5	[-]	23.5	23.4	25.5	28.7	12.1		-5.26	15.7	0.767		0.634	0.430	0.923	0.877	0.659
CLM5	[-]	30.5	30.4	32.8	28.7	12.1		1.84	14.4	0.637		0.727	0.471	0.933	0.981	0.717

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	26.7
CLM4	[-]	31.1	31.2	20.6	26.9	8.98		4.07	13.8	0.396		0.789	0.663	0.970	0.962	0.810
CLM4.5	[-]	25.5	25.6	22.4	26.9	8.98		-1.44	14.2	0.697		0.818	0.628	0.932	0.959	0.793
CLM5	[-]	24.9	24.9	24.5	26.9	8.98		-1.95	16.2	0.693		0.785	0.593	0.937	0.969	0.775

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	49.7
CLM4	[-]	42.7	42.4	65.8	49.8	11.0		-7.44	17.8	0.621		0.674	0.657	0.942	0.889	0.764
CLM4.5	[-]	41.0	40.6	69.9	49.8	11.0		-9.12	19.5	0.602		0.637	0.642	0.942	0.926	0.758
CLM5	[-]	44.9	44.6	66.6	49.8	11.0		-5.13	17.0	0.824		0.726	0.646	0.923	0.891	0.766

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	30.2
CLM4	[-]	12.2	12.0	38.3	30.3	13.0		-17.4	26.8	1.65		0.139	0.141	0.782	0.363	0.313
CLM4.5	[-]	29.0	28.8	44.7	30.3	13.0		-0.872	15.8	1.22		0.435	0.193	0.854	0.678	0.471
CLM5	[-]	30.7	30.7	45.7	30.3	13.0		0.943	12.6	1.42		0.427	0.277	0.810	0.701	0.498

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	40.3
CLM4	[-]	36.8	37.0	35.6	40.4	9.36		-3.39	18.0	1.06		0.549	0.341	0.889	0.815	0.587
CLM4.5	[-]	40.1	40.3	38.1	40.4	9.36		-0.0546	15.9	0.881		0.634	0.360	0.916	0.916	0.637
CLM5	[-]	42.8	43.1	40.0	40.4	9.36		2.70	14.4	0.875		0.607	0.430	0.911	0.875	0.651

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	41.5
CLM4	[-]	59.6	58.7	68.1	42.0	6.56		15.4	33.9	0.801		0.518	0.483	0.929	0.829	0.649
CLM4.5	[-]	59.5	58.8	68.4	42.0	6.56		15.7	33.5	0.709		0.518	0.490	0.944	0.848	0.658
CLM5	[-]	62.7	62.0	68.8	42.0	6.56		18.5	33.8	0.746		0.500	0.512	0.939	0.830	0.659

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  creation_date: Tue Jul 28 15:54:11 PDT 2015

  Conventions: Please contact Prof. James Randerson (Email: jranders@uci.edu) or Dr. Mingquan Mu (mmu@uci.edu) for any question

  source_file: This product is generated from monthly Global Biosphere Amtospher Flux (GBAF) observations

  title: derived GBAF in 0.5x0.5

  Approach: I read this variable from data file, and then save the data in NetCDF format by each month and each year. Meanwhile, I also converted the unit from MJoule*m-2*d-1 to Watt/m2.

  Temporal resolution: monthly

  General information: This product was derived from Monthly estimates of global biosphere-atmosphere fluxes from Biogeochemistry group at Max Planck Institute in Jena, Germany.

  Spatial resolution: 0.5x0.5 degree

  Derived data code: http://redwood.ess.uci.edu/mingquan/www/ILAMB/Download/CODES/CODES/subroutines/convert/convert-sh-GBAF.ncl