Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Global - Land Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	10.8
b.e30_beta02.BLT1850.ne30_t232.104	[-]	7.05	7.07	10.8	4.55	8.99		-3.88	3.98	1.14		0.167	0.811	0.852	0.970	0.722
f.e23_alpha17f.FLTHIST_ne30.roughtopo.099	[-]	6.74	6.77	10.8	4.53	7.68		-4.23	4.29	1.36		0.103	0.833	0.817	0.958	0.709

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	13.6
b.e30_beta02.BLT1850.ne30_t232.104	[-]	8.95	9.01	13.6	5.53	12.5		-4.62	4.74	1.00		0.0698	0.795	0.895	0.976	0.706
f.e23_alpha17f.FLTHIST_ne30.roughtopo.099	[-]	8.93	8.99	13.6	6.40	12.9		-4.63	4.75	1.14		0.0750	0.798	0.880	0.973	0.705

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	12.8
b.e30_beta02.BLT1850.ne30_t232.104	[-]	8.49	8.54	12.8	5.79	9.06		-4.43	4.70	1.58		0.137	0.729	0.802	0.840	0.647
f.e23_alpha17f.FLTHIST_ne30.roughtopo.099	[-]	8.66	8.72	12.8	6.03	9.40		-4.23	4.50	1.50		0.159	0.766	0.813	0.894	0.679

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	9.15
b.e30_beta02.BLT1850.ne30_t232.104	[-]	6.06	6.10	9.32	4.84	7.38		-3.37	3.70	0.517		0.236	0.677	0.944	0.634	0.634
f.e23_alpha17f.FLTHIST_ne30.roughtopo.099	[-]	5.69	5.73	9.15	4.58	7.47		-3.56	3.76	0.804		0.192	0.748	0.885	0.614	0.637

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	9.44
b.e30_beta02.BLT1850.ne30_t232.104	[-]	5.20	5.31	9.52	4.22	8.73		-4.59	4.63	2.63		0.217	0.879	0.586	0.493	0.611
f.e23_alpha17f.FLTHIST_ne30.roughtopo.099	[-]	5.33	5.44	9.47	4.42	8.51		-4.42	4.48	2.23		0.244	0.881	0.658	0.487	0.630

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	10.5
b.e30_beta02.BLT1850.ne30_t232.104	[-]	7.92	7.92	10.6	5.61	7.27		-2.77	3.07	1.09		0.343	0.725	0.846	0.775	0.683
f.e23_alpha17f.FLTHIST_ne30.roughtopo.099	[-]	7.15	7.15	10.5	5.46			-3.42	3.68	2.38		0.222	0.690	0.602	0.809	0.603

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	11.5
b.e30_beta02.BLT1850.ne30_t232.104	[-]	9.32	9.38	11.6	4.81	7.00		-2.36	2.84	1.81		0.433	0.721	0.735	0.931	0.708
f.e23_alpha17f.FLTHIST_ne30.roughtopo.099	[-]	8.97	9.02	11.5	5.12	7.12		-2.60	3.08	1.72		0.397	0.702	0.748	0.899	0.689

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	11.0
b.e30_beta02.BLT1850.ne30_t232.104	[-]	9.47	9.59	11.1	5.24	8.86		-1.99	2.49	1.40		0.535	0.761	0.821	0.966	0.769
f.e23_alpha17f.FLTHIST_ne30.roughtopo.099	[-]	9.63	9.78	11.0	5.57	8.41		-1.73	2.26	1.30		0.593	0.773	0.830	0.944	0.783

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	8.16
b.e30_beta02.BLT1850.ne30_t232.104	[-]	6.16	6.22	8.38	4.70	7.17		-2.31	2.64	0.620		0.425	0.729	0.915	0.919	0.743
f.e23_alpha17f.FLTHIST_ne30.roughtopo.099	[-]	5.94	6.00	8.16	4.47	6.55		-2.30	2.62	0.681		0.425	0.731	0.908	0.961	0.751

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	13.4
b.e30_beta02.BLT1850.ne30_t232.104	[-]	9.64	9.72	13.5	5.70	9.60		-4.15	4.25	1.16		0.148	0.818	0.876	0.992	0.731
f.e23_alpha17f.FLTHIST_ne30.roughtopo.099	[-]	9.73	9.82	13.4	6.06	10.4		-4.02	4.11	0.994		0.165	0.844	0.896	0.995	0.749

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	8.56
b.e30_beta02.BLT1850.ne30_t232.104	[-]	6.74	6.81	8.56	5.11	8.35		-2.05	2.27	0.704		0.458	0.852	0.921	0.986	0.814
f.e23_alpha17f.FLTHIST_ne30.roughtopo.099	[-]	6.82	6.89	8.56	5.43	7.61		-1.95	2.26	1.12		0.478	0.813	0.854	0.992	0.790

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	11.6
b.e30_beta02.BLT1850.ne30_t232.104	[-]	8.37	8.71	11.7	5.61	9.20		-3.20	3.52	1.29		0.312	0.772	0.826	0.889	0.714
f.e23_alpha17f.FLTHIST_ne30.roughtopo.099	[-]	8.18	8.51	11.6	5.58	8.68		-3.32	3.63	1.38		0.284	0.774	0.808	0.913	0.711

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	14.0
b.e30_beta02.BLT1850.ne30_t232.104	[-]	10.7	10.8	14.0	7.16	10.6		-3.36	3.91	1.14		0.222	0.843	0.861	0.943	0.742
f.e23_alpha17f.FLTHIST_ne30.roughtopo.099	[-]	10.8	10.9	14.0	7.28	10.7		-3.22	3.72	1.23		0.257	0.843	0.838	0.870	0.730

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	8.19
b.e30_beta02.BLT1850.ne30_t232.104	[-]	6.42	6.47	8.33	4.94			-2.10	2.53	0.502		0.461	0.700	0.938	0.969	0.753
f.e23_alpha17f.FLTHIST_ne30.roughtopo.099	[-]	6.06	6.11	8.19	4.73	6.14		-2.29	2.68	1.05		0.415	0.720	0.844	0.946	0.729

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	13.2
b.e30_beta02.BLT1850.ne30_t232.104	[-]	8.34	8.51	13.3	5.68	8.71		-5.43	5.49	0.993		0.0869	0.825	0.890	0.895	0.704
f.e23_alpha17f.FLTHIST_ne30.roughtopo.099	[-]	9.19	9.34	13.3	6.98	10.3		-4.74	4.83	0.812		0.129	0.831	0.915	0.988	0.739

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	11.8
b.e30_beta02.BLT1850.ne30_t232.104	[-]	9.26	9.27	12.0	6.72	10.4		-2.88	3.01	2.33		0.301	0.823	0.628	0.879	0.691
f.e23_alpha17f.FLTHIST_ne30.roughtopo.099	[-]	9.24	9.23	11.8	6.69			-2.71	2.95	2.10		0.345	0.779	0.684	0.795	0.676

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	10.7
b.e30_beta02.BLT1850.ne30_t232.104	[-]	8.71	8.74	10.8	6.01	8.45		-2.22	2.50	1.26		0.385	0.771	0.807	0.963	0.739
f.e23_alpha17f.FLTHIST_ne30.roughtopo.099	[-]	8.15	8.17	10.7	5.70	6.40		-2.74	3.05	1.45		0.277	0.701	0.770	0.977	0.685

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	14.9
b.e30_beta02.BLT1850.ne30_t232.104	[-]	10.6	10.7	15.2	7.55	10.9		-4.55	4.72	0.834		0.146	0.753	0.901	0.587	0.628
f.e23_alpha17f.FLTHIST_ne30.roughtopo.099	[-]	11.2	11.2	14.9	7.71			-3.77	3.99	0.682		0.222	0.744	0.929	0.876	0.703

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	10.1
b.e30_beta02.BLT1850.ne30_t232.104	[-]	7.94	7.96	10.2	4.89	8.17		-2.33	2.55	1.12		0.514	0.811	0.830	0.981	0.789
f.e23_alpha17f.FLTHIST_ne30.roughtopo.099	[-]	6.60	6.61	10.1	4.75	8.00		-3.61	3.67	0.885		0.245	0.879	0.887	0.922	0.762

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	11.5
b.e30_beta02.BLT1850.ne30_t232.104	[-]	9.42	9.49	11.6	5.82	9.11		-2.23	2.40	0.944		0.485	0.832	0.890	0.994	0.806
f.e23_alpha17f.FLTHIST_ne30.roughtopo.099	[-]	8.85	8.91	11.5	5.22	8.79		-2.75	2.93	1.00		0.373	0.835	0.889	0.982	0.783

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	12.3
b.e30_beta02.BLT1850.ne30_t232.104	[-]	8.42	8.43	12.4	6.23	8.12		-4.30	4.63	1.63		0.166	0.792	0.770	0.944	0.693
f.e23_alpha17f.FLTHIST_ne30.roughtopo.099	[-]	8.58	8.60	12.3	6.71	6.65		-4.09	4.55	1.62		0.180	0.792	0.779	0.974	0.703

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Global - Land Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

CRU time series (TS) high-resolution gridded datasets

  Version:

4.02

  Institutions:

Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, UK

  Source:

monthly observations of 2-meter maximum and minimum air temperature at meteorological stations across the world land areas

  History:

2019-05-06: downloaded source from https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/hrg/cru_ts_4.02/

2019-05-06: converted to netCDF with https://gist.github.com/nocollier/d73585731756fa472731065389af45dc

  References:

Harris, I., P.D. Jones, T.J. Osborn and D.H. Lister (2014), Updated high-resolution grids of monthly climatic observations - the CRU TS3.10 Dataset, International Journal of Climatology, 34(3), 623-642, doi:10.1002/joc.3711

  Comments:

time_period: 1960-01 through 2017-12

original_temporal_resolution: monthly

original_spatial_resolution: 0.5 degree

original_units: C

final_temporal_resolution: monthly

final_spatial_resolution: 0.5 degree

final_units: K

  Convention:

CF-1.7