Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Australia Europe Global - Land North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	4.46
CESM3_092H	[-]	6.08		1.58	2.95	1.52		0.575	0.209	0.870	0.466
CMIP6_001	[-]	8.08		3.62	4.25	2.02		0.356	0.293	0.516	0.364
LE2_001	[-]	8.06		3.60	4.33	1.51		0.350	0.226	0.679	0.371

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.18
CESM3_092H	[-]	1.27		-1.91	2.87	0.508		0.0517	0.00	0.980	0.258
CMIP6_001	[-]	0.576		-2.60	3.21	0.00		0.00	0.00	1.00	0.250
LE2_001	[-]	0.680		-2.50	3.22	0.00		0.00	0.00	1.00	0.250

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	5.73
CESM3_092H	[-]	0.592		-5.13	6.20	2.02		0.00	0.00	0.752	0.188
CMIP6_001	[-]	0.602		-5.13	6.22	2.02		0.00	0.00	0.752	0.188
LE2_001	[-]	0.594		-5.13	6.22	2.02		0.00	0.00	0.752	0.188

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.768
CESM3_092H	[-]	2.18		1.41	2.59	0.517		0.00	0.00	0.963	0.241
CMIP6_001	[-]	1.51		0.742	1.78	0.517		0.456	0.0405	0.963	0.375
LE2_001	[-]	1.11		0.347	1.40	0.00		0.290	0.0903	1.00	0.368

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	4.40
CESM3_092H	[-]	6.37		1.98	2.07	1.02		0.170	0.595	0.933	0.573
CMIP6_001	[-]	6.00		1.60	1.97	1.02		0.328	0.559	0.933	0.595
LE2_001	[-]	5.95		1.56	2.00	1.02		0.346	0.556	0.933	0.598

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.73
CESM3_092H	[-]	2.59		-0.148	1.99	0.508		0.0688	0.00	0.952	0.255
CMIP6_001	[-]	2.28		-0.447	1.78	0.00		0.315	0.00	1.00	0.329
LE2_001	[-]	2.21		-0.514	1.60	0.00		0.420	0.0293	1.00	0.370

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.99
CESM3_092H	[-]	3.66		1.67	2.45	0.856		0.196	0.184	0.880	0.361
CMIP6_001	[-]	3.11		1.12	2.14	0.686		0.340	0.204	0.909	0.414
LE2_001	[-]	3.16		1.17	2.17	0.772		0.338	0.215	0.906	0.419

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.50
CESM3_092H	[-]	2.50		0.00366	2.10	1.47		0.279	0.200	0.824	0.376
CMIP6_001	[-]	2.99		0.566	2.47	0.868		0.336	0.104	0.926	0.368
LE2_001	[-]	2.83		0.405	2.37	1.10		0.330	0.131	0.897	0.372

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.05
CESM3_092H	[-]	2.63		-0.430	1.89	0.773		0.296	0.0934	0.931	0.353
CMIP6_001	[-]	2.50		-0.544	1.81	0.679		0.384	0.0897	0.943	0.377
LE2_001	[-]	2.47		-0.579	1.81	0.633		0.360	0.0843	0.951	0.370

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.71
CESM3_092H	[-]	2.59		-0.125	2.07	1.02		0.264	0.128	0.882	0.351
CMIP6_001	[-]	2.32		-0.385	2.02	0.838		0.315	0.124	0.911	0.368
LE2_001	[-]	2.30		-0.402	2.01	0.883		0.306	0.123	0.908	0.365

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.724
CESM3_092H	[-]	2.55		1.82	2.83	0.339		0.0127	0.00	0.979	0.248
CMIP6_001	[-]	1.56		0.834	2.23	0.683		0.00	0.0455	0.928	0.255
LE2_001	[-]	1.61		0.890	2.12	1.36		0.00	0.0455	0.837	0.232

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	6.56
CESM3_092H	[-]	7.19		0.628	2.79	1.53		0.551	0.524	0.671	0.568
CMIP6_001	[-]	7.47		0.907	2.90	1.53		0.572	0.505	0.811	0.598
LE2_001	[-]	7.48		0.914	2.89	1.53		0.573	0.524	0.671	0.573

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.55
CESM3_092H	[-]	1.92		-0.631	1.77	1.38		0.340	0.164	0.853	0.380
CMIP6_001	[-]	1.87		-0.679	1.79	0.747		0.369	0.167	0.923	0.407
LE2_001	[-]	1.87		-0.680	1.79	0.829		0.353	0.165	0.918	0.400

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.98
CESM3_092H	[-]	3.20		1.22	2.28	0.614		0.0977	0.0240	0.957	0.276
CMIP6_001	[-]	2.18		0.196	1.57	0.547		0.227	0.0742	0.963	0.335
LE2_001	[-]	2.24		0.256	1.56	0.547		0.244	0.0750	0.963	0.339

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.97
CESM3_092H	[-]	2.12		0.139	1.67	1.16		0.299	0.123	0.862	0.351
CMIP6_001	[-]	0.920		-1.05	1.87	1.46		0.194	0.116	0.835	0.315
LE2_001	[-]	0.949		-1.02	1.89	1.57		0.194	0.119	0.827	0.315

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	9.78
CESM3_092H	[-]	4.93		-4.85	5.61	2.02		0.00	0.0529	0.732	0.209
CMIP6_001	[-]	5.60		-4.18	4.69	1.34		0.00	0.0875	0.878	0.263
LE2_001	[-]	5.71		-4.07	4.66	1.34		0.00	0.0621	0.878	0.250

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	5.79
CESM3_092H	[-]	3.29		-2.49	3.76	0.983		0.00	0.00	0.937	0.234
CMIP6_001	[-]	4.19		-1.59	4.23	2.02		0.331	0.00	0.752	0.271
LE2_001	[-]	4.59		-1.19	3.60	2.02		0.500	0.00	0.752	0.313

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	6.23
CESM3_092H	[-]	1.35		-4.88	5.50	0.00		0.00	0.00	1.00	0.250
CMIP6_001	[-]	1.37		-4.86	6.14	0.00		0.00	0.00	1.00	0.250
LE2_001	[-]	1.34		-4.89	5.61	0.00		0.00	0.00	1.00	0.250

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Global - Land Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: RECO_DT_VUT_REF