Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Australia Europe Global - Land North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-1.08
CESM3_092H	[-]	-0.247		0.836	1.53	5.10		0.294	0.335	0.0631	0.257
CMIP6_001	[-]	-0.140		0.943	1.68	3.06		0.288	0.320	0.821	0.437
LE2_001	[-]	-0.146		0.937	1.61	3.06		0.290	0.361	0.821	0.458

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-1.20
CESM3_092H	[-]	-0.00787		1.19	2.60	5.03		0.591	0.362	0.0985	0.353
CMIP6_001	[-]	-0.00447		1.20	2.56	4.05		0.590	0.369	0.230	0.390
LE2_001	[-]	-0.0150		1.19	2.54	2.05		0.593	0.373	0.767	0.526

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.492
CESM3_092H	[-]	-0.0254		-0.517	1.07	0.00		0.611	0.406	1.00	0.606
CMIP6_001	[-]	-0.0121		-0.504	1.07	0.00		0.619	0.401	1.00	0.605
LE2_001	[-]	-0.0157		-0.508	1.06	0.00		0.617	0.407	1.00	0.608

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.289
CESM3_092H	[-]	-0.0402		0.248	1.32	0.508		0.764	0.317	0.955	0.588
CMIP6_001	[-]	-0.0379		0.251	1.25	2.55		0.764	0.344	0.468	0.480
LE2_001	[-]	-0.0127		0.276	0.997	1.02		0.744	0.390	0.933	0.614

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-2.71
CESM3_092H	[-]	-0.487		2.22	2.42	5.10		0.0220	0.173	0.0631	0.108
CMIP6_001	[-]	-0.328		2.38	2.51	3.05		0.0168	0.145	0.498	0.201
LE2_001	[-]	-0.347		2.36	2.49	3.05		0.0173	0.159	0.498	0.208

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.0186
CESM3_092H	[-]	-0.201		-0.181	1.05	1.52		2.80	-0.813	-1.09	0.0206
CMIP6_001	[-]	-0.106		-0.0876	1.12	3.02		0.416	-0.459	-8.89	-2.35
LE2_001	[-]	-0.0933		-0.0748	1.09	3.02		0.182	0.332	-8.89	-2.01

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.507
CESM3_092H	[-]	-0.217		0.290	1.33	2.86		0.517	0.332	0.632	0.453
CMIP6_001	[-]	-0.181		0.326	1.40	3.11		0.495	0.343	0.586	0.442
LE2_001	[-]	-0.195		0.312	1.40	3.20		0.497	0.341	0.524	0.426

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.917
CESM3_092H	[-]	-0.147		0.777	1.61	2.39		0.304	0.334	0.720	0.423
CMIP6_001	[-]	-0.0640		0.811	1.62	2.48		0.296	0.347	0.737	0.432
LE2_001	[-]	-0.0563		0.819	1.71	2.57		0.294	0.314	0.735	0.414

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.820
CESM3_092H	[-]	-0.360		0.474	2.00	1.33		0.605	0.455	0.903	0.605
CMIP6_001	[-]	-0.269		0.552	1.97	1.48		0.577	0.463	0.880	0.596
LE2_001	[-]	-0.267		0.553	1.97	1.34		0.578	0.462	0.910	0.603

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.666
CESM3_092H	[-]	-0.243		0.432	1.76	1.81		0.494	0.412	0.763	0.520
CMIP6_001	[-]	-0.170		0.491	1.71	2.03		0.471	0.419	0.779	0.522
LE2_001	[-]	-0.172		0.489	1.71	1.95		0.472	0.414	0.805	0.526

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.102
CESM3_092H	[-]	0.0308		0.134	1.29	0.678		0.764	0.117	0.832	0.458
CMIP6_001	[-]	-0.0236		0.0779	0.754	1.36		0.838	0.265	0.883	0.562
LE2_001	[-]	-0.0377		0.0638	0.755	1.70		0.870	0.280	0.870	0.575

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.384
CESM3_092H	[-]	-0.223		0.161	2.01	1.52		0.305	0.361	1.14	0.542
CMIP6_001	[-]	-0.134		0.250	1.91	1.52		0.222	0.335	1.14	0.508
LE2_001	[-]	-0.127		0.258	1.96	1.52		0.215	0.350	1.14	0.514

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.800
CESM3_092H	[-]	-0.264		0.539	1.93	1.80		0.475	0.453	0.866	0.562
CMIP6_001	[-]	-0.198		0.602	1.90	2.10		0.458	0.454	0.725	0.523
LE2_001	[-]	-0.207		0.592	1.90	2.10		0.461	0.446	0.729	0.520

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.155
CESM3_092H	[-]	-0.116		0.0386	1.21	0.942		0.780	0.381	0.650	0.548
CMIP6_001	[-]	-0.113		0.0412	0.885	1.35		0.781	0.473	0.518	0.561
LE2_001	[-]	-0.105		0.0492	0.891	1.35		0.776	0.468	0.518	0.557

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.370
CESM3_092H	[-]	-0.207		0.181	1.60	2.10		0.581	0.413	0.769	0.544
CMIP6_001	[-]	-0.0890		0.281	1.54	2.60		0.505	0.399	0.732	0.509
LE2_001	[-]	-0.0929		0.277	1.54	2.53		0.508	0.401	0.906	0.554

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.355
CESM3_092H	[-]	-0.112		0.243	1.45	3.74		0.723	0.255	0.349	0.396
CMIP6_001	[-]	-0.156		0.198	1.10	2.73		0.758	0.345	0.597	0.512
LE2_001	[-]	-0.168		0.187	1.13	3.07		0.761	0.333	0.494	0.480

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.00
CESM3_092H	[-]	-0.153		-2.15	3.90	0.00		0.524	0.390	1.00	0.576
CMIP6_001	[-]	0.0616		-1.93	4.21	3.07		0.559	0.311	0.494	0.419
LE2_001	[-]	-0.0510		-2.05	4.08	0.00		0.540	0.352	1.00	0.561

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-4.76
CESM3_092H	[-]	-0.0484		4.71	4.82	5.02		0.0421	0.397	0.0740	0.227
CMIP6_001	[-]	-0.0235		4.73	5.02	0.00		0.0414	0.350	1.00	0.435
LE2_001	[-]	-0.0431		4.71	4.99	0.00		0.0420	0.367	1.00	0.444

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Global - Land Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: NEE_VUT_REF