Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Australia Europe Global - Land North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	409.
CESM3_092H	[-]	427.		18.3	20.6	5.57		0.115	0.376	0.0316	0.225
CMIP6_001	[-]	427.		18.1	20.7	5.57		0.105	0.380	0.0316	0.224
LE2_001	[-]	427.		18.2	20.8	5.07		0.105	0.394	0.122	0.253

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	377.
CESM3_092H	[-]	387.		10.8	20.9	1.03		0.734	0.627	0.930	0.729
CMIP6_001	[-]	390.		14.0	23.2	1.02		0.686	0.635	0.932	0.722
LE2_001	[-]	392.		15.4	21.7	1.02		0.658	0.676	0.932	0.735

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	358.
CESM3_092H	[-]	363.		5.05	13.4	0.00		0.844	0.658	1.00	0.790
CMIP6_001	[-]	370.		11.5	18.6	0.00		0.680	0.626	1.00	0.733
LE2_001	[-]	371.		13.3	19.0	0.00		0.640	0.630	1.00	0.725

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	247.
CESM3_092H	[-]	238.		-8.51	25.8	0.517		0.846	0.633	0.965	0.769
CMIP6_001	[-]	248.		1.35	19.7	0.00		0.874	0.712	1.00	0.825
LE2_001	[-]	250.		3.77	20.9	0.00		0.881	0.696	1.00	0.818

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	419.
CESM3_092H	[-]	428.		8.73	12.4	6.05		0.136	0.156	7.41e-05	0.112
CMIP6_001	[-]	427.		8.63	13.2	5.10		0.139	0.103	0.0631	0.102
LE2_001	[-]	427.		8.33	13.7	5.10		0.149	0.103	0.0631	0.104

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	282.
CESM3_092H	[-]	291.		8.48	20.9	0.00		0.816	0.642	1.00	0.775
CMIP6_001	[-]	288.		5.77	21.2	0.00		0.879	0.609	1.00	0.774
LE2_001	[-]	290.		8.01	19.7	0.00		0.830	0.646	1.00	0.780

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	279.
CESM3_092H	[-]	294.		15.3	26.3	0.344		0.726	0.712	0.977	0.782
CMIP6_001	[-]	290.		11.4	22.1	0.172		0.763	0.748	0.988	0.812
LE2_001	[-]	292.		12.9	22.7	0.258		0.748	0.741	0.983	0.803

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	359.
CESM3_092H	[-]	362.		2.58	21.1	0.407		0.646	0.550	0.969	0.678
CMIP6_001	[-]	362.		3.96	21.5	0.498		0.667	0.550	0.963	0.683
LE2_001	[-]	361.		2.23	20.0	0.548		0.682	0.558	0.959	0.689

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	311.
CESM3_092H	[-]	322.		10.6	22.7	0.532		0.656	0.576	0.964	0.693
CMIP6_001	[-]	316.		4.83	20.8	0.358		0.706	0.587	0.969	0.712
LE2_001	[-]	317.		5.48	20.6	0.407		0.703	0.580	0.973	0.709

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	312.
CESM3_092H	[-]	320.		7.54	22.9	0.535		0.698	0.577	0.951	0.701
CMIP6_001	[-]	318.		5.87	21.4	0.524		0.716	0.597	0.949	0.715
LE2_001	[-]	318.		6.29	21.3	0.495		0.712	0.597	0.954	0.715

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	249.
CESM3_092H	[-]	255.		6.00	24.2	0.00		0.826	0.651	1.00	0.782
CMIP6_001	[-]	264.		14.8	26.6	0.00		0.764	0.679	1.00	0.781
LE2_001	[-]	268.		18.3	29.6	0.00		0.715	0.685	1.00	0.771

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	409.
CESM3_092H	[-]	429.		20.3	21.4	2.05		0.0539	0.367	0.745	0.383
CMIP6_001	[-]	424.		15.0	18.1	2.05		0.115	0.327	0.745	0.379
LE2_001	[-]	424.		15.6	18.8	2.05		0.105	0.291	0.745	0.358

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	312.
CESM3_092H	[-]	315.		2.67	23.6	0.251		0.818	0.648	0.983	0.774
CMIP6_001	[-]	314.		2.11	22.3	0.558		0.817	0.666	0.959	0.777
LE2_001	[-]	314.		2.26	22.4	0.279		0.816	0.661	0.978	0.779

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	266.
CESM3_092H	[-]	274.		8.33	26.1	0.00		0.848	0.601	1.00	0.762
CMIP6_001	[-]	277.		11.1	21.7	0.00		0.803	0.704	1.00	0.803
LE2_001	[-]	278.		11.8	21.4	0.00		0.795	0.697	1.00	0.797

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	302.
CESM3_092H	[-]	308.		6.13	23.2	0.812		0.652	0.485	0.945	0.642
CMIP6_001	[-]	308.		6.15	22.4	0.812		0.661	0.512	0.945	0.658
LE2_001	[-]	309.		6.95	22.7	0.812		0.656	0.527	0.945	0.664

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	415.
CESM3_092H	[-]	418.		3.25	8.34	1.34		0.614	0.303	0.752	0.493
CMIP6_001	[-]	418.		2.72	10.4	1.34		0.575	0.222	0.752	0.442
LE2_001	[-]	418.		3.06	10.2	1.34		0.569	0.231	0.752	0.446

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	365.
CESM3_092H	[-]	371.		6.81	21.0	0.00		0.785	0.503	1.00	0.698
CMIP6_001	[-]	373.		8.34	19.4	0.00		0.744	0.551	1.00	0.711
LE2_001	[-]	374.		9.17	19.7	0.00		0.722	0.514	1.00	0.688

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	318.
CESM3_092H	[-]	322.		3.48	15.3	0.00		0.909	0.682	1.00	0.818
CMIP6_001	[-]	327.		9.03	16.6	0.00		0.780	0.680	1.00	0.785
LE2_001	[-]	327.		8.91	15.3	0.00		0.782	0.710	1.00	0.801

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Global - Land Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: LW_IN_F