Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Australia Europe Global - Land North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	32.5
CESM3_092H	[-]	24.3		-8.22	16.8	2.02		0.525	0.471	0.659	0.531
CMIP6_001	[-]	39.5		6.95	16.6	2.04		0.722	0.500	0.521	0.561
LE2_001	[-]	39.3		6.75	16.7	2.04		0.732	0.502	0.521	0.565

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	50.6
CESM3_092H	[-]	62.3		11.7	20.9	0.508		0.265	0.247	0.968	0.432
CMIP6_001	[-]	65.1		14.5	25.0	1.02		0.291	0.181	0.882	0.384
LE2_001	[-]	64.4		13.8	23.2	1.02		0.304	0.218	0.882	0.405

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	47.7
CESM3_092H	[-]	68.7		21.0	43.7	0.00		0.00	0.00	1.00	0.250
CMIP6_001	[-]	66.8		19.1	41.1	0.00		0.0234	0.00	1.00	0.256
LE2_001	[-]	65.7		18.0	41.3	0.00		0.0778	0.00	1.00	0.269

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	13.8
CESM3_092H	[-]	4.22		-9.67	19.0	0.508		0.415	0.337	0.969	0.515
CMIP6_001	[-]	6.80		-6.97	16.2	0.508		0.581	0.399	0.969	0.587
LE2_001	[-]	5.99		-7.78	17.1	1.02		0.531	0.378	0.933	0.555

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	45.2
CESM3_092H	[-]	28.1		-17.1	19.4	0.983		0.123	0.542	0.937	0.536
CMIP6_001	[-]	33.9		-11.3	19.7	0.983		0.421	0.400	0.937	0.540
LE2_001	[-]	34.7		-10.5	20.6	0.983		0.461	0.399	0.937	0.549

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	22.3
CESM3_092H	[-]	11.7		-10.7	22.0	0.508		0.258	0.112	0.968	0.363
CMIP6_001	[-]	15.0		-7.28	23.5	1.02		0.509	0.0231	0.933	0.372
LE2_001	[-]	15.5		-6.74	22.8	0.508		0.540	0.0525	0.967	0.403

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	26.9
CESM3_092H	[-]	29.8		2.89	20.5	1.61		0.456	0.327	0.760	0.467
CMIP6_001	[-]	35.5		8.51	21.7	0.844		0.371	0.326	0.919	0.486
LE2_001	[-]	34.7		7.74	21.3	1.10		0.365	0.347	0.902	0.490

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	52.4
CESM3_092H	[-]	56.4		4.59	29.1	0.927		0.384	0.0922	0.935	0.376
CMIP6_001	[-]	59.6		6.33	31.6	1.02		0.327	0.0648	0.904	0.340
LE2_001	[-]	61.6		8.34	31.5	1.11		0.319	0.0990	0.897	0.354

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	22.1
CESM3_092H	[-]	24.3		1.91	24.3	1.22		0.346	0.0905	0.888	0.354
CMIP6_001	[-]	28.3		6.20	25.6	1.27		0.305	0.0825	0.878	0.337
LE2_001	[-]	28.9		6.73	26.1	1.17		0.292	0.0757	0.881	0.331

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	30.6
CESM3_092H	[-]	32.6		1.92	25.7	1.03		0.377	0.126	0.890	0.380
CMIP6_001	[-]	36.1		5.49	26.7	1.04		0.380	0.111	0.881	0.371
LE2_001	[-]	36.3		5.67	26.6	0.978		0.378	0.119	0.887	0.376

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	4.91
CESM3_092H	[-]	2.61		-2.39	15.6	0.678		0.349	0.509	0.944	0.578
CMIP6_001	[-]	5.14		0.229	17.2	0.678		0.630	0.545	0.944	0.666
LE2_001	[-]	3.82		-1.09	16.5	0.678		0.575	0.565	0.944	0.662

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	32.1
CESM3_092H	[-]	30.0		-2.02	16.9	1.02		0.897	0.275	0.933	0.595
CMIP6_001	[-]	37.3		5.22	15.0	0.00		0.735	0.375	1.00	0.621
LE2_001	[-]	37.7		5.67	17.3	0.00		0.713	0.314	1.00	0.585

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	30.5
CESM3_092H	[-]	29.7		-0.922	25.7	1.34		0.337	0.0864	0.772	0.320
CMIP6_001	[-]	32.3		1.79	27.3	1.29		0.324	0.0680	0.759	0.305
LE2_001	[-]	32.1		1.54	27.0	1.15		0.325	0.0680	0.783	0.311

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	31.8
CESM3_092H	[-]	19.5		-12.3	22.5	0.0678		0.256	0.216	0.995	0.421
CMIP6_001	[-]	28.9		-2.90	20.6	0.678		0.581	0.165	0.946	0.464
LE2_001	[-]	28.7		-3.13	19.7	0.203		0.573	0.209	0.985	0.494

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	38.7
CESM3_092H	[-]	47.9		8.96	29.3	0.763		0.529	0.105	0.944	0.421
CMIP6_001	[-]	50.5		11.8	30.3	0.764		0.529	0.0977	0.941	0.416
LE2_001	[-]	50.1		11.4	29.8	0.837		0.544	0.0866	0.936	0.413

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	20.8
CESM3_092H	[-]	61.4		40.6	51.6	1.02		0.00	0.00484	0.933	0.236
CMIP6_001	[-]	57.3		36.5	43.0	0.339		0.00	0.172	0.977	0.330
LE2_001	[-]	56.4		35.7	41.7	0.339		0.00	0.189	0.977	0.339

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-10.2
CESM3_092H	[-]	34.7		45.0	54.4	1.03		-0.00	-0.00	0.930	0.233
CMIP6_001	[-]	34.0		44.2	55.1	1.03		-0.00	-0.00	0.930	0.233
LE2_001	[-]	30.1		40.4	50.8	0.00		-0.00	-0.00	1.00	0.250

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	83.9
CESM3_092H	[-]	62.2		-21.8	43.0	1.03		0.00	0.00	0.930	0.233
CMIP6_001	[-]	57.9		-26.0	39.5	1.03		0.00	0.00	0.930	0.233
LE2_001	[-]	58.9		-25.0	40.4	1.03		0.00	0.00	0.930	0.233

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Global - Land Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: H_F_MDS