Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Australia Europe Global - Land North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	139.
CESM3_092H	[-]	142.		3.26	23.5	0.983		0.845	0.195	0.937	0.543
CMIP6_001	[-]	172.		33.1	39.5	0.00		0.00	0.331	1.00	0.416
LE2_001	[-]	172.		33.2	39.7	0.983		0.00	0.330	0.937	0.399

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	153.
CESM3_092H	[-]	192.		38.5	43.4	0.00		0.00	0.00	1.00	0.250
CMIP6_001	[-]	196.		42.5	48.9	0.00		0.00	0.0490	1.00	0.275
LE2_001	[-]	195.		41.2	46.2	1.02		0.00	0.0339	0.933	0.250

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	200.
CESM3_092H	[-]	219.		19.3	31.6	6.05		0.0832	0.163	7.41e-05	0.102
CMIP6_001	[-]	204.		3.65	29.6	6.05		0.827	0.00	7.41e-05	0.207
LE2_001	[-]	201.		1.03	28.7	6.05		0.951	0.0126	7.41e-05	0.244

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	74.5
CESM3_092H	[-]	58.2		-16.9	22.6	0.00		0.261	0.170	1.00	0.400
CMIP6_001	[-]	59.7		-14.8	26.5	0.00		0.382	0.0783	1.00	0.385
LE2_001	[-]	56.4		-18.1	23.7	0.00		0.254	0.0458	1.00	0.337

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	176.
CESM3_092H	[-]	166.		-9.95	20.3	1.02		0.528	0.356	0.933	0.543
CMIP6_001	[-]	163.		-12.7	31.0	1.02		0.396	0.00	0.933	0.332
LE2_001	[-]	163.		-12.4	33.6	1.02		0.410	0.00	0.933	0.336

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	112.
CESM3_092H	[-]	108.		-4.75	22.9	0.00		0.679	0.00	1.00	0.420
CMIP6_001	[-]	102.		-10.5	22.9	0.00		0.288	0.00	1.00	0.322
LE2_001	[-]	102.		-10.1	22.3	0.00		0.319	0.00	1.00	0.330

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	129.
CESM3_092H	[-]	144.		15.3	26.7	0.767		0.271	0.140	0.949	0.375
CMIP6_001	[-]	143.		13.7	27.7	1.02		0.205	0.0322	0.857	0.282
LE2_001	[-]	143.		13.7	28.1	0.512		0.242	0.101	0.966	0.353

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	193.
CESM3_092H	[-]	194.		1.91	24.6	0.743		0.516	0.109	0.901	0.409
CMIP6_001	[-]	189.		-5.07	25.5	0.605		0.481	0.116	0.938	0.413
LE2_001	[-]	190.		-3.90	23.7	0.794		0.483	0.127	0.925	0.415

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	118.
CESM3_092H	[-]	129.		10.1	29.5	0.450		0.242	0.0612	0.970	0.334
CMIP6_001	[-]	125.		6.56	28.3	0.332		0.365	0.0602	0.978	0.366
LE2_001	[-]	126.		7.52	29.2	0.274		0.331	0.0446	0.982	0.350

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	140.
CESM3_092H	[-]	148.		8.27	27.6	0.602		0.323	0.103	0.942	0.368
CMIP6_001	[-]	143.		3.74	27.6	0.530		0.383	0.0792	0.949	0.373
LE2_001	[-]	144.		4.08	27.2	0.509		0.377	0.0881	0.955	0.377

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	63.7
CESM3_092H	[-]	65.6		1.17	22.0	0.508		0.934	0.168	0.966	0.559
CMIP6_001	[-]	63.1		-0.552	24.2	0.508		0.914	0.155	0.966	0.548
LE2_001	[-]	63.2		-0.467	24.1	0.508		0.971	0.154	0.966	0.561

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	137.
CESM3_092H	[-]	158.		20.7	36.2	0.718		0.118	0.0902	0.952	0.313
CMIP6_001	[-]	148.		11.4	30.2	0.957		0.241	0.0694	0.909	0.322
LE2_001	[-]	147.		10.9	29.6	0.777		0.269	0.0629	0.942	0.334

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	113.
CESM3_092H	[-]	117.		4.91	20.8	0.363		0.537	0.189	0.968	0.471
CMIP6_001	[-]	111.		-1.54	24.5	0.726		0.545	0.0614	0.935	0.401
LE2_001	[-]	111.		-1.20	22.4	0.436		0.533	0.126	0.954	0.435

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	181.
CESM3_092H	[-]	185.		2.73	23.9	0.750		0.270	0.120	0.919	0.357
CMIP6_001	[-]	181.		0.768	24.1	0.214		0.334	0.114	0.986	0.387
LE2_001	[-]	181.		-0.0710	23.6	0.321		0.357	0.137	0.979	0.402

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	175.
CESM3_092H	[-]	198.		22.7	34.3	0.00		0.159	0.255	1.00	0.417
CMIP6_001	[-]	205.		29.7	40.8	0.00		0.00	0.139	1.00	0.319
LE2_001	[-]	205.		29.7	40.8	0.508		0.00	0.144	0.966	0.314

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Global - Land Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: SW_IN_F-SW_OUT