Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Australia Europe Global - Land North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	4.37
CESM3_092H	[-]	6.39		2.00	4.38	2.01		0.676	0.360	0.755	0.538
CESM3_098bH	[-]	6.49		2.35	4.37	3.01		0.596	0.361	0.574	0.473
CMIP6_001	[-]	8.22		3.85	5.35	2.01		0.499	0.388	0.755	0.507
LE2_001	[-]	8.21		3.83	5.33	1.01		0.497	0.387	0.914	0.546

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.11
CESM3_092H	[-]	1.31		-1.80	3.32	1.02		0.557	0.404	0.933	0.574
CESM3_098bH	[-]	1.46		-1.65	3.23	0.508		0.585	0.403	0.964	0.589
CMIP6_001	[-]	0.596		-2.52	3.73	0.508		0.443	0.394	0.964	0.549
LE2_001	[-]	0.712		-2.40	3.57	0.508		0.460	0.426	0.964	0.569

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.77
CESM3_092H	[-]	0.819		-2.95	4.06	1.03		0.359	0.376	0.930	0.510
CESM3_098bH	[-]	0.826		-2.94	4.07	1.03		0.360	0.374	0.930	0.510
CMIP6_001	[-]	0.808		-2.96	4.13	1.03		0.357	0.372	0.930	0.508
LE2_001	[-]	0.797		-2.97	4.11	1.03		0.356	0.375	0.930	0.509

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.41
CESM3_092H	[-]	2.22		0.806	3.30	0.00		0.681	0.221	1.00	0.531
CESM3_098bH	[-]	2.28		0.873	3.80	0.00		0.682	0.201	1.00	0.521
CMIP6_001	[-]	1.55		0.138	3.01	0.508		0.536	0.289	0.976	0.523
LE2_001	[-]	1.13		-0.283	2.50	0.508		0.572	0.316	0.976	0.545

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	7.09
CESM3_092H	[-]	6.87		-0.228	1.26	1.02		0.720	0.175	0.933	0.501
CESM3_098bH	[-]	6.86		-0.230	1.37	1.02		0.718	0.143	0.933	0.484
CMIP6_001	[-]	6.35		-0.743	1.52	3.02		0.343	0.134	0.506	0.279
LE2_001	[-]	6.31		-0.784	1.46	3.02		0.323	0.146	0.506	0.280

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.94
CESM3_092H	[-]	2.91		-0.0330	2.03	0.00		0.754	0.559	1.00	0.718
CESM3_098bH	[-]	2.80		-0.139	2.04	0.00		0.726	0.555	1.00	0.709
CMIP6_001	[-]	2.42		-0.520	1.91	0.508		0.837	0.560	0.978	0.734
LE2_001	[-]	2.33		-0.607	1.62	0.508		0.809	0.600	0.978	0.747

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.37
CESM3_092H	[-]	3.93		1.56	2.84	1.10		0.605	0.442	0.841	0.582
CESM3_098bH	[-]	3.97		1.60	2.94	1.10		0.592	0.438	0.845	0.578
CMIP6_001	[-]	3.31		0.939	2.73	1.27		0.579	0.467	0.824	0.584
LE2_001	[-]	3.37		0.995	2.74	1.27		0.583	0.474	0.834	0.592

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.19
CESM3_092H	[-]	2.69		-0.486	2.66	2.06		0.436	0.320	0.754	0.457
CESM3_098bH	[-]	2.66		-0.554	2.66	2.30		0.432	0.323	0.708	0.447
CMIP6_001	[-]	3.09		0.0261	3.07	1.42		0.331	0.313	0.856	0.453
LE2_001	[-]	2.93		-0.137	3.06	1.60		0.342	0.308	0.843	0.450

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.92
CESM3_092H	[-]	3.00		-0.943	2.94	0.647		0.616	0.498	0.959	0.643
CESM3_098bH	[-]	3.01		-0.892	2.87	0.647		0.627	0.499	0.960	0.646
CMIP6_001	[-]	2.77		-1.14	2.85	0.738		0.623	0.504	0.957	0.647
LE2_001	[-]	2.74		-1.18	2.84	0.769		0.616	0.502	0.955	0.643

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.35
CESM3_092H	[-]	2.87		-0.491	2.86	1.10		0.565	0.435	0.879	0.578
CESM3_098bH	[-]	2.89		-0.463	2.87	1.11		0.564	0.435	0.874	0.577
CMIP6_001	[-]	2.50		-0.838	2.83	1.07		0.537	0.448	0.880	0.578
LE2_001	[-]	2.49		-0.854	2.80	1.07		0.537	0.448	0.888	0.581

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.829
CESM3_092H	[-]	2.52		1.68	3.32	0.678		0.320	0.137	0.950	0.386
CESM3_098bH	[-]	2.58		1.78	3.65	0.339		0.285	0.102	0.976	0.366
CMIP6_001	[-]	1.58		0.752	2.59	0.339		0.427	0.208	0.974	0.454
LE2_001	[-]	1.65		0.823	2.37	0.339		0.409	0.237	0.974	0.465

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	6.58
CESM3_092H	[-]	7.46		0.876	2.40	1.53		0.674	0.386	0.849	0.574
CESM3_098bH	[-]	7.42		0.832	2.22	1.53		0.688	0.405	0.829	0.581
CMIP6_001	[-]	7.61		1.02	2.77	3.57		0.633	0.341	0.369	0.421
LE2_001	[-]	7.60		1.02	2.77	1.53		0.633	0.347	0.849	0.544

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.42
CESM3_092H	[-]	2.24		-1.19	2.94	1.02		0.638	0.491	0.909	0.632
CESM3_098bH	[-]	2.30		-1.11	2.85	1.02		0.646	0.495	0.909	0.637
CMIP6_001	[-]	2.08		-1.35	3.00	0.881		0.601	0.509	0.928	0.637
LE2_001	[-]	2.09		-1.34	2.96	0.963		0.601	0.505	0.913	0.631

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.29
CESM3_092H	[-]	3.42		1.13	2.67	1.02		0.593	0.435	0.933	0.599
CESM3_098bH	[-]	3.34		1.04	2.77	1.02		0.569	0.426	0.933	0.589
CMIP6_001	[-]	2.32		0.0389	1.78	0.339		0.735	0.533	0.971	0.693
LE2_001	[-]	2.38		0.0906	1.77	0.339		0.745	0.533	0.971	0.695

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.33
CESM3_092H	[-]	2.35		0.000704	2.39	1.49		0.606	0.399	0.821	0.556
CESM3_098bH	[-]	2.40		0.0562	2.47	1.49		0.572	0.413	0.822	0.555
CMIP6_001	[-]	1.01		-1.32	2.60	1.46		0.452	0.391	0.842	0.519
LE2_001	[-]	1.05		-1.28	2.62	1.35		0.456	0.389	0.852	0.522

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	9.65
CESM3_092H	[-]	5.28		-4.37	5.47	4.06		0.0782	0.137	0.341	0.173
CESM3_098bH	[-]	5.13		-4.56	5.45	3.69		0.0737	0.128	0.367	0.174
CMIP6_001	[-]	5.82		-3.84	4.30	3.69		0.101	0.241	0.365	0.237
LE2_001	[-]	5.94		-3.71	4.22	3.69		0.108	0.247	0.365	0.242

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	6.98
CESM3_092H	[-]	3.71		-3.26	3.16	0.00		0.177	0.474	1.00	0.531
CESM3_098bH	[-]	3.49		-3.48	4.63	0.00		0.157	0.349	1.00	0.464
CMIP6_001	[-]	4.52		-2.46	3.79	0.00		0.271	0.353	1.00	0.494
LE2_001	[-]	4.89		-2.08	2.39	0.00		0.330	0.400	1.00	0.532

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	8.99
CESM3_092H	[-]	1.56		-7.42	7.37	1.02		0.0698	0.431	0.933	0.466
CESM3_098bH	[-]	1.28		-7.71	8.40	0.00		0.0631	0.341	1.00	0.436
CMIP6_001	[-]	1.43		-7.55	8.34	1.02		0.0667	0.360	0.933	0.430
LE2_001	[-]	1.42		-7.57	7.80	1.02		0.0663	0.410	0.933	0.455

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Global - Land Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: GPP_DT_VUT_REF