Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Australia Europe Global - Land North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	4.82
CESM3_092H	[-]	3.70		-1.12	4.05	2.52		0.428	0.00	0.546	0.243
CESM3_098bH	[-]	3.89		-0.761	4.05	2.52		0.422	0.00	0.528	0.238
CMIP6_001	[-]	4.41		-0.410	3.11	1.02		0.743	0.0766	0.875	0.443
LE2_001	[-]	4.25		-0.568	3.57	1.02		0.647	0.0436	0.875	0.402

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.768
CESM3_092H	[-]	1.29		0.520	1.70	0.517		0.137	0.00	0.965	0.275
CESM3_098bH	[-]	1.30		0.536	1.29	0.517		0.00	0.0102	0.965	0.246
CMIP6_001	[-]	0.654		-0.115	1.25	0.508		0.518	0.00	0.967	0.371
LE2_001	[-]	0.736		-0.0325	0.896	0.508		0.554	0.0229	0.967	0.392

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.59
CESM3_092H	[-]	3.17		1.58	2.98	1.03		0.0259	0.0563	0.930	0.267
CESM3_098bH	[-]	3.17		1.58	2.92	0.00		0.0229	0.0844	1.00	0.298
CMIP6_001	[-]	2.77		1.18	2.66	0.983		0.271	0.131	0.937	0.368
LE2_001	[-]	3.07		1.48	3.05	0.00		0.0836	0.0165	1.00	0.279

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.431
CESM3_092H	[-]	0.941		0.508	0.984	1.03		0.411	0.0428	0.930	0.357
CESM3_098bH	[-]	1.01		0.576	1.05	1.03		0.327	0.00	0.930	0.314
CMIP6_001	[-]	0.877		0.446	0.828	0.508		0.367	0.0312	0.979	0.352
LE2_001	[-]	0.920		0.489	0.810	1.53		0.380	0.0703	0.803	0.331

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	5.11
CESM3_092H	[-]	7.54		2.44	4.60	0.00		0.00	0.00	1.00	0.250
CESM3_098bH	[-]	7.64		2.53	4.82	0.00		0.00	0.00	1.00	0.250
CMIP6_001	[-]	9.96		4.85	7.77	0.00		0.00	0.00	1.00	0.250
LE2_001	[-]	9.52		4.41	7.97	1.02		0.00	0.00	0.933	0.233

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.30
CESM3_092H	[-]	1.97		0.669	1.32	0.508		0.131	0.00	0.960	0.273
CESM3_098bH	[-]	2.00		0.678	1.44	3.06		0.225	0.00	0.409	0.158
CMIP6_001	[-]	1.68		0.373	1.25	0.00		0.451	0.00	1.00	0.363
LE2_001	[-]	1.65		0.347	1.18	0.508		0.487	0.00	0.973	0.365

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.95
CESM3_092H	[-]	3.22		1.28	2.72	1.19		0.0899	0.00470	0.858	0.239
CESM3_098bH	[-]	3.10		1.15	2.71	0.851		0.138	0.00	0.896	0.259
CMIP6_001	[-]	3.03		1.08	2.60	0.936		0.164	0.00	0.861	0.256
LE2_001	[-]	3.11		1.16	2.72	1.19		0.178	0.00	0.824	0.251

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.65
CESM3_092H	[-]	2.82		0.164	3.04	1.97		0.368	0.000942	0.739	0.277
CESM3_098bH	[-]	2.73		0.163	2.84	1.15		0.433	0.00312	0.847	0.322
CMIP6_001	[-]	2.40		-0.0914	2.69	1.37		0.493	0.00720	0.878	0.346
LE2_001	[-]	2.19		-0.306	2.71	1.42		0.508	0.00953	0.774	0.325

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.35
CESM3_092H	[-]	2.59		0.236	2.20	2.55		0.265	0.00202	0.569	0.210
CESM3_098bH	[-]	2.64		0.316	2.17	2.47		0.280	0.00351	0.601	0.222
CMIP6_001	[-]	2.15		-0.203	2.09	2.34		0.308	0.000650	0.598	0.227
LE2_001	[-]	2.11		-0.245	2.13	2.93		0.283	0.00184	0.506	0.198

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.16
CESM3_092H	[-]	2.57		0.408	2.38	1.97		0.305	0.00395	0.670	0.246
CESM3_098bH	[-]	2.55		0.415	2.32	1.92		0.320	0.00739	0.685	0.255
CMIP6_001	[-]	2.25		0.102	2.16	1.77		0.375	0.00891	0.721	0.278
LE2_001	[-]	2.24		0.0924	2.22	2.12		0.362	0.00811	0.663	0.260

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.621
CESM3_092H	[-]	1.87		1.24	1.69	0.344		0.00	0.00	0.989	0.247
CESM3_098bH	[-]	1.88		1.30	1.66	0.689		0.00	0.00	0.960	0.240
CMIP6_001	[-]	1.48		0.857	1.13	1.03		0.00	0.0576	0.930	0.261
LE2_001	[-]	1.61		0.991	1.42	0.00		0.00	0.0377	1.00	0.269

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	6.24
CESM3_092H	[-]	10.9		4.70	7.87	5.10		0.00	0.00	0.0631	0.0158
CESM3_098bH	[-]	9.32		3.07	6.38	5.10		0.0283	0.00	0.0631	0.0229
CMIP6_001	[-]	9.73		3.49	6.99	3.05		0.00	0.00	0.498	0.124
LE2_001	[-]	9.47		3.22	6.79	2.03		0.00408	0.00	0.749	0.188

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.29
CESM3_092H	[-]	2.38		0.0883	1.91	2.23		0.528	0.00979	0.635	0.296
CESM3_098bH	[-]	2.40		0.116	2.00	2.42		0.558	0.0150	0.602	0.298
CMIP6_001	[-]	2.20		-0.0902	1.84	2.20		0.574	0.0124	0.646	0.311
LE2_001	[-]	2.25		-0.0466	1.92	2.20		0.574	0.0133	0.642	0.311

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.11
CESM3_092H	[-]	1.70		0.590	1.27	1.09		0.384	0.00	0.895	0.320
CESM3_098bH	[-]	1.67		0.564	1.24	1.57		0.331	0.00524	0.851	0.298
CMIP6_001	[-]	1.42		0.311	1.06	1.23		0.549	0.0417	0.840	0.368
LE2_001	[-]	1.44		0.330	1.10	1.84		0.468	0.0195	0.731	0.309

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.31
CESM3_092H	[-]	2.21		0.927	2.72	1.66		0.136	0.00219	0.846	0.247
CESM3_098bH	[-]	2.17		0.909	2.69	1.37		0.0761	0.00121	0.853	0.233
CMIP6_001	[-]	1.75		0.435	2.11	1.31		0.303	0.0149	0.876	0.302
LE2_001	[-]	1.86		0.551	2.20	1.99		0.235	0.0135	0.748	0.252

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	6.63
CESM3_092H	[-]	3.43		-3.20	5.48	0.339		0.163	0.0112	0.971	0.289
CESM3_098bH	[-]	3.30		-3.36	5.00	0.339		0.148	0.0319	0.971	0.296
CMIP6_001	[-]	3.95		-2.68	5.35	0.339		0.170	0.00	0.971	0.285
LE2_001	[-]	3.89		-2.74	5.47	0.339		0.185	0.00	0.971	0.289

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.88
CESM3_092H	[-]	3.07		-0.811	3.26	6.03		0.499	0.00	0.000167	0.125
CESM3_098bH	[-]	2.90		-0.981	2.87	5.10		0.394	0.0758	0.0631	0.152
CMIP6_001	[-]	2.69		-1.20	3.09	4.08		0.260	0.00	0.244	0.126
LE2_001	[-]	2.98		-0.900	3.38	4.08		0.443	0.00	0.244	0.172

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.989
CESM3_092H	[-]	1.35		0.360	1.54	0.983		0.515	0.00	0.937	0.363
CESM3_098bH	[-]	1.17		0.181	1.31	0.00		0.756	0.00	1.00	0.439
CMIP6_001	[-]	1.35		0.363	1.09	2.02		0.512	0.0124	0.752	0.322
LE2_001	[-]	1.32		0.332	0.996	2.02		0.553	0.163	0.752	0.408

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Global - Land Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: P_F