Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Australia Europe Global - Land North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	24.8
CESM3_092H	[-]	26.6		1.83	2.00	0.00		0.247	0.568	1.00	0.596
CESM3_098bH	[-]	26.7		1.90	2.30	0.508		0.239	0.526	0.966	0.564
CMIP6_001	[-]	27.0		2.26	2.64	0.508		0.177	0.526	0.966	0.549
LE2_001	[-]	27.1		2.27	2.58	0.508		0.176	0.531	0.966	0.551

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	27.8
CESM3_092H	[-]	29.0		1.15	2.76	0.00		0.613	0.370	1.00	0.588
CESM3_098bH	[-]	29.1		1.27	2.45	0.00		0.584	0.424	1.00	0.608
CMIP6_001	[-]	29.4		1.55	3.07	0.00		0.520	0.355	1.00	0.558
LE2_001	[-]	29.4		1.54	3.15	0.00		0.524	0.332	1.00	0.547

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	22.3
CESM3_092H	[-]	25.2		2.90	3.72	0.00		0.315	0.413	1.00	0.535
CESM3_098bH	[-]	25.3		2.99	3.81	0.00		0.304	0.417	1.00	0.534
CMIP6_001	[-]	24.6		2.22	3.43	1.02		0.414	0.364	0.933	0.519
LE2_001	[-]	24.6		2.30	3.42	1.02		0.401	0.369	0.933	0.518

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-11.8
CESM3_092H	[-]	-11.2		0.463	4.40	0.00		0.974	0.779	1.00	0.883
CESM3_098bH	[-]	-10.3		1.46	4.86	0.00		0.920	0.775	1.00	0.868
CMIP6_001	[-]	-9.10		2.67	6.12	0.00		0.859	0.744	1.00	0.837
LE2_001	[-]	-8.91		2.85	6.68	0.508		0.850	0.721	0.966	0.815

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	25.3
CESM3_092H	[-]	27.1		1.80	2.03	0.00		0.0704	0.425	1.00	0.480
CESM3_098bH	[-]	27.1		1.77	2.00	0.00		0.0738	0.360	1.00	0.448
CMIP6_001	[-]	26.8		1.43	1.70	1.02		0.121	0.321	0.933	0.424
LE2_001	[-]	26.8		1.43	1.66	1.02		0.121	0.345	0.933	0.436

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.61
CESM3_092H	[-]	5.40		1.76	4.62	0.00		0.844	0.701	1.00	0.811
CESM3_098bH	[-]	6.32		2.73	5.59	0.517		0.771	0.665	0.965	0.766
CMIP6_001	[-]	3.64		0.0328	4.13	0.00		0.891	0.697	1.00	0.821
LE2_001	[-]	4.29		0.683	3.72	0.00		0.904	0.722	1.00	0.837

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	6.27
CESM3_092H	[-]	8.79		2.53	4.24	0.0861		0.707	0.802	0.994	0.826
CESM3_098bH	[-]	9.05		2.78	4.44	0.258		0.691	0.786	0.983	0.811
CMIP6_001	[-]	7.64		1.38	3.41	0.344		0.789	0.793	0.977	0.838
LE2_001	[-]	7.88		1.62	3.44	0.344		0.777	0.803	0.977	0.840

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	20.6
CESM3_092H	[-]	21.8		1.34	2.68	0.636		0.661	0.616	0.958	0.713
CESM3_098bH	[-]	21.7		1.12	2.56	0.728		0.675	0.624	0.952	0.719
CMIP6_001	[-]	21.5		0.990	2.48	0.589		0.693	0.632	0.962	0.730
LE2_001	[-]	21.5		0.979	2.35	0.590		0.697	0.637	0.962	0.733

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	9.37
CESM3_092H	[-]	12.7		3.27	4.66	0.564		0.617	0.666	0.962	0.728
CESM3_098bH	[-]	13.1		3.80	4.93	0.517		0.578	0.674	0.965	0.723
CMIP6_001	[-]	11.2		1.87	3.76	0.626		0.727	0.682	0.958	0.762
LE2_001	[-]	11.5		2.14	3.90	0.344		0.708	0.674	0.977	0.758

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	10.4
CESM3_092H	[-]	12.8		2.40	4.34	0.496		0.676	0.649	0.967	0.735
CESM3_098bH	[-]	13.2		2.83	4.52	0.526		0.646	0.655	0.965	0.730
CMIP6_001	[-]	12.0		1.69	3.75	0.572		0.730	0.670	0.961	0.758
LE2_001	[-]	12.1		1.81	3.79	0.485		0.724	0.664	0.967	0.755

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-7.46
CESM3_092H	[-]	-6.87		0.519	4.92	0.339		0.888	0.718	0.978	0.825
CESM3_098bH	[-]	-6.31		1.26	5.10	0.339		0.882	0.739	0.978	0.834
CMIP6_001	[-]	-5.51		1.95	6.11	0.00		0.850	0.678	1.00	0.802
LE2_001	[-]	-4.44		3.02	6.89	0.339		0.814	0.667	0.978	0.781

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	25.3
CESM3_092H	[-]	27.4		2.10	2.43	1.02		0.0143	0.296	0.933	0.385
CESM3_098bH	[-]	27.5		2.26	2.55	1.02		0.0106	0.266	0.933	0.369
CMIP6_001	[-]	27.0		1.71	1.94	0.00		0.0320	0.256	1.00	0.386
LE2_001	[-]	27.1		1.82	2.14	0.00		0.0256	0.247	1.00	0.380

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	9.23
CESM3_092H	[-]	12.3		3.06	5.09	0.614		0.729	0.669	0.959	0.756
CESM3_098bH	[-]	12.8		3.52	5.25	0.670		0.693	0.684	0.955	0.754
CMIP6_001	[-]	11.4		2.19	4.25	0.837		0.799	0.705	0.940	0.787
LE2_001	[-]	11.4		2.13	4.22	0.782		0.804	0.695	0.944	0.784

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.0990
CESM3_092H	[-]	1.73		1.82	5.52	0.0689		0.858	0.671	0.995	0.799
CESM3_098bH	[-]	2.49		2.59	5.68	0.138		0.816	0.686	0.991	0.795
CMIP6_001	[-]	0.960		1.06	4.37	0.207		0.902	0.734	0.986	0.839
LE2_001	[-]	1.14		1.24	4.33	0.0689		0.896	0.729	0.995	0.838

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	12.4
CESM3_092H	[-]	14.3		1.92	4.01	0.735		0.770	0.635	0.951	0.747
CESM3_098bH	[-]	14.6		2.37	4.21	0.735		0.718	0.635	0.951	0.735
CMIP6_001	[-]	14.6		2.24	3.90	0.698		0.730	0.657	0.953	0.749
LE2_001	[-]	14.6		2.20	3.90	0.809		0.732	0.645	0.946	0.742

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	25.8
CESM3_092H	[-]	28.3		2.55	3.17	0.339		0.0400	0.155	0.978	0.332
CESM3_098bH	[-]	28.4		2.67	3.23	0.339		0.0338	0.162	0.978	0.334
CMIP6_001	[-]	27.3		1.55	1.81	0.339		0.150	0.336	0.978	0.450
LE2_001	[-]	27.4		1.59	1.94	0.00		0.143	0.302	1.00	0.437

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	21.6
CESM3_092H	[-]	23.4		1.78	2.67	0.00		0.666	0.630	1.00	0.732
CESM3_098bH	[-]	23.7		2.08	3.05	0.00		0.622	0.665	1.00	0.738
CMIP6_001	[-]	23.6		1.99	3.11	0.00		0.635	0.637	1.00	0.727
LE2_001	[-]	23.5		1.88	2.32	0.983		0.652	0.657	0.937	0.725

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	19.7
CESM3_092H	[-]	18.4		-1.32	2.61	0.00		0.809	0.685	1.00	0.795
CESM3_098bH	[-]	18.8		-0.892	1.99	0.00		0.867	0.746	1.00	0.840
CMIP6_001	[-]	18.0		-1.66	2.78	0.00		0.766	0.676	1.00	0.780
LE2_001	[-]	18.1		-1.64	2.66	0.00		0.769	0.723	1.00	0.804

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Global - Land Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: TA_F