Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Australia Europe Global - Land North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	409.
CESM3_092H	[-]	427.		18.3	20.6	5.57		0.115	0.376	0.0316	0.225
CESM3_098bH	[-]	428.		20.1	23.5	5.57		0.0980	0.367	0.0316	0.216
CMIP6_001	[-]	427.		18.1	20.7	5.57		0.105	0.380	0.0316	0.224
LE2_001	[-]	427.		18.2	20.8	5.07		0.105	0.394	0.122	0.253

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	377.
CESM3_092H	[-]	387.		10.8	20.9	1.03		0.734	0.627	0.930	0.729
CESM3_098bH	[-]	392.		15.3	22.6	0.517		0.647	0.643	0.965	0.725
CMIP6_001	[-]	390.		14.0	23.2	1.02		0.686	0.635	0.932	0.722
LE2_001	[-]	392.		15.4	21.7	1.02		0.658	0.676	0.932	0.735

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	358.
CESM3_092H	[-]	363.		5.05	13.4	0.00		0.844	0.658	1.00	0.790
CESM3_098bH	[-]	361.		3.36	13.9	0.983		0.893	0.643	0.937	0.779
CMIP6_001	[-]	370.		11.5	18.6	0.00		0.680	0.626	1.00	0.733
LE2_001	[-]	371.		13.3	19.0	0.00		0.640	0.630	1.00	0.725

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	247.
CESM3_092H	[-]	238.		-8.51	25.8	0.517		0.846	0.633	0.965	0.769
CESM3_098bH	[-]	242.		-4.83	25.8	0.517		0.854	0.626	0.965	0.768
CMIP6_001	[-]	248.		1.35	19.7	0.00		0.874	0.712	1.00	0.825
LE2_001	[-]	250.		3.77	20.9	0.00		0.881	0.696	1.00	0.818

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	419.
CESM3_092H	[-]	428.		8.73	12.4	6.05		0.136	0.156	7.41e-05	0.112
CESM3_098bH	[-]	426.		7.63	11.1	6.05		0.174	0.172	7.41e-05	0.129
CMIP6_001	[-]	427.		8.63	13.2	5.10		0.139	0.103	0.0631	0.102
LE2_001	[-]	427.		8.33	13.7	5.10		0.149	0.103	0.0631	0.104

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	282.
CESM3_092H	[-]	291.		8.48	20.9	0.00		0.816	0.642	1.00	0.775
CESM3_098bH	[-]	296.		13.1	22.9	0.517		0.732	0.619	0.965	0.734
CMIP6_001	[-]	288.		5.77	21.2	0.00		0.879	0.609	1.00	0.774
LE2_001	[-]	290.		8.01	19.7	0.00		0.830	0.646	1.00	0.780

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	279.
CESM3_092H	[-]	294.		15.3	26.3	0.344		0.726	0.712	0.977	0.782
CESM3_098bH	[-]	296.		17.4	27.6	0.258		0.705	0.709	0.983	0.776
CMIP6_001	[-]	290.		11.4	22.1	0.172		0.763	0.748	0.988	0.812
LE2_001	[-]	292.		12.9	22.7	0.258		0.748	0.741	0.983	0.803

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	359.
CESM3_092H	[-]	362.		2.58	21.1	0.407		0.646	0.550	0.969	0.678
CESM3_098bH	[-]	357.		-3.02	20.9	0.541		0.604	0.571	0.955	0.675
CMIP6_001	[-]	362.		3.96	21.5	0.498		0.667	0.550	0.963	0.683
LE2_001	[-]	361.		2.23	20.0	0.548		0.682	0.558	0.959	0.689

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	311.
CESM3_092H	[-]	322.		10.6	22.7	0.532		0.656	0.576	0.964	0.693
CESM3_098bH	[-]	324.		13.1	22.9	0.532		0.627	0.600	0.964	0.698
CMIP6_001	[-]	316.		4.83	20.8	0.358		0.706	0.587	0.969	0.712
LE2_001	[-]	317.		5.48	20.6	0.407		0.703	0.580	0.973	0.709

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	312.
CESM3_092H	[-]	320.		7.54	22.9	0.535		0.698	0.577	0.951	0.701
CESM3_098bH	[-]	321.		9.06	23.2	0.509		0.670	0.596	0.954	0.704
CMIP6_001	[-]	318.		5.87	21.4	0.524		0.716	0.597	0.949	0.715
LE2_001	[-]	318.		6.29	21.3	0.495		0.712	0.597	0.954	0.715

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	249.
CESM3_092H	[-]	255.		6.00	24.2	0.00		0.826	0.651	1.00	0.782
CESM3_098bH	[-]	258.		9.26	25.1	0.00		0.825	0.675	1.00	0.794
CMIP6_001	[-]	264.		14.8	26.6	0.00		0.764	0.679	1.00	0.781
LE2_001	[-]	268.		18.3	29.6	0.00		0.715	0.685	1.00	0.771

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	409.
CESM3_092H	[-]	429.		20.3	21.4	2.05		0.0539	0.367	0.745	0.383
CESM3_098bH	[-]	429.		20.8	23.5	2.05		0.0500	0.403	0.745	0.400
CMIP6_001	[-]	424.		15.0	18.1	2.05		0.115	0.327	0.745	0.379
LE2_001	[-]	424.		15.6	18.8	2.05		0.105	0.291	0.745	0.358

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	312.
CESM3_092H	[-]	315.		2.67	23.6	0.251		0.818	0.648	0.983	0.774
CESM3_098bH	[-]	317.		4.95	24.0	0.139		0.796	0.648	0.991	0.771
CMIP6_001	[-]	314.		2.11	22.3	0.558		0.817	0.666	0.959	0.777
LE2_001	[-]	314.		2.26	22.4	0.279		0.816	0.661	0.978	0.779

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	266.
CESM3_092H	[-]	274.		8.33	26.1	0.00		0.848	0.601	1.00	0.762
CESM3_098bH	[-]	278.		11.9	26.3	0.00		0.790	0.632	1.00	0.763
CMIP6_001	[-]	277.		11.1	21.7	0.00		0.803	0.704	1.00	0.803
LE2_001	[-]	278.		11.8	21.4	0.00		0.795	0.697	1.00	0.797

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	302.
CESM3_092H	[-]	308.		6.13	23.2	0.812		0.652	0.485	0.945	0.642
CESM3_098bH	[-]	309.		8.06	22.2	0.627		0.637	0.532	0.958	0.665
CMIP6_001	[-]	308.		6.15	22.4	0.812		0.661	0.512	0.945	0.658
LE2_001	[-]	309.		6.95	22.7	0.812		0.656	0.527	0.945	0.664

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	415.
CESM3_092H	[-]	418.		3.25	8.34	1.34		0.614	0.303	0.752	0.493
CESM3_098bH	[-]	418.		2.46	9.45	1.01		0.576	0.217	0.835	0.461
CMIP6_001	[-]	418.		2.72	10.4	1.34		0.575	0.222	0.752	0.442
LE2_001	[-]	418.		3.06	10.2	1.34		0.569	0.231	0.752	0.446

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	365.
CESM3_092H	[-]	371.		6.81	21.0	0.00		0.785	0.503	1.00	0.698
CESM3_098bH	[-]	370.		5.85	17.9	0.00		0.813	0.552	1.00	0.729
CMIP6_001	[-]	373.		8.34	19.4	0.00		0.744	0.551	1.00	0.711
LE2_001	[-]	374.		9.17	19.7	0.00		0.722	0.514	1.00	0.688

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	318.
CESM3_092H	[-]	322.		3.48	15.3	0.00		0.909	0.682	1.00	0.818
CESM3_098bH	[-]	320.		1.18	11.1	0.983		0.968	0.732	0.937	0.842
CMIP6_001	[-]	327.		9.03	16.6	0.00		0.780	0.680	1.00	0.785
LE2_001	[-]	327.		8.91	15.3	0.00		0.782	0.710	1.00	0.801

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Global - Land Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: LW_IN_F