Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Australia Europe Global - Land North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	152.
CESM3_092H	[-]	164.		12.4	31.5	0.492		0.670	0.389	0.968	0.604
CESM3_098bH	[-]	157.		5.31	28.5	0.983		0.842	0.399	0.937	0.644
CMIP6_001	[-]	198.		46.5	53.7	0.00		0.219	0.481	1.00	0.545
LE2_001	[-]	197.		45.7	51.2	0.492		0.225	0.480	0.968	0.538

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	221.
CESM3_092H	[-]	263.		41.4	67.6	2.55		0.444	0.366	0.588	0.441
CESM3_098bH	[-]	246.		24.7	60.5	2.04		0.708	0.369	0.713	0.540
CMIP6_001	[-]	257.		35.6	71.8	2.04		0.545	0.337	0.622	0.460
LE2_001	[-]	255.		33.8	70.9	1.53		0.527	0.337	0.747	0.487

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	228.
CESM3_092H	[-]	259.		30.8	41.0	0.00		0.304	0.375	1.00	0.514
CESM3_098bH	[-]	256.		28.1	37.6	0.00		0.338	0.385	1.00	0.527
CMIP6_001	[-]	243.		15.1	28.6	0.00		0.558	0.383	1.00	0.581
LE2_001	[-]	240.		11.9	26.8	0.00		0.631	0.405	1.00	0.610

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	100.
CESM3_092H	[-]	92.3		-8.35	27.1	0.508		0.916	0.767	0.966	0.854
CESM3_098bH	[-]	89.2		-11.0	31.7	0.00		0.891	0.734	1.00	0.840
CMIP6_001	[-]	88.1		-12.3	27.0	0.00		0.879	0.778	1.00	0.859
LE2_001	[-]	85.8		-14.5	27.1	0.508		0.858	0.781	0.966	0.847

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	198.
CESM3_092H	[-]	199.		1.33	22.8	1.02		0.928	0.280	0.933	0.605
CESM3_098bH	[-]	194.		-3.48	23.3	1.02		0.823	0.270	0.933	0.574
CMIP6_001	[-]	189.		-8.90	33.9	1.02		0.607	0.155	0.933	0.463
LE2_001	[-]	189.		-8.61	36.4	1.02		0.617	0.142	0.933	0.459

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	117.
CESM3_092H	[-]	138.		20.0	32.1	0.508		0.779	0.748	0.966	0.810
CESM3_098bH	[-]	135.		18.0	29.8	0.508		0.801	0.750	0.966	0.817
CMIP6_001	[-]	127.		9.39	26.8	0.00		0.889	0.739	1.00	0.842
LE2_001	[-]	128.		10.8	26.3	0.00		0.874	0.747	1.00	0.842

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	170.
CESM3_092H	[-]	189.		18.6	33.6	0.425		0.715	0.609	0.972	0.726
CESM3_098bH	[-]	186.		15.5	30.5	0.425		0.757	0.605	0.972	0.735
CMIP6_001	[-]	187.		16.2	31.8	0.933		0.742	0.589	0.903	0.706
LE2_001	[-]	186.		15.7	32.0	0.679		0.750	0.581	0.945	0.714

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	223.
CESM3_092H	[-]	231.		9.64	28.9	0.373		0.825	0.569	0.970	0.733
CESM3_098bH	[-]	230.		7.54	27.4	0.420		0.804	0.595	0.967	0.740
CMIP6_001	[-]	223.		-1.15	29.9	0.373		0.857	0.554	0.961	0.731
LE2_001	[-]	225.		0.755	27.6	0.374		0.864	0.577	0.970	0.747

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	143.
CESM3_092H	[-]	159.		15.3	33.2	0.493		0.818	0.704	0.966	0.798
CESM3_098bH	[-]	156.		13.5	31.1	0.508		0.836	0.714	0.965	0.807
CMIP6_001	[-]	151.		8.80	29.4	0.293		0.877	0.718	0.981	0.823
LE2_001	[-]	152.		9.79	30.0	0.308		0.871	0.714	0.980	0.819

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	167.
CESM3_092H	[-]	184.		16.1	32.5	0.446		0.779	0.687	0.967	0.780
CESM3_098bH	[-]	181.		13.7	30.9	0.421		0.800	0.694	0.969	0.789
CMIP6_001	[-]	176.		8.33	29.5	0.456		0.837	0.687	0.961	0.793
LE2_001	[-]	176.		8.69	29.3	0.456		0.837	0.688	0.964	0.794

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	107.
CESM3_092H	[-]	90.5		-17.4	33.2	0.339		0.834	0.742	0.978	0.824
CESM3_098bH	[-]	89.0		-18.4	33.6	0.678		0.826	0.744	0.955	0.817
CMIP6_001	[-]	85.1		-22.2	33.3	0.339		0.793	0.754	0.978	0.820
LE2_001	[-]	84.8		-22.5	37.8	0.339		0.791	0.736	0.978	0.810

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	177.
CESM3_092H	[-]	192.		14.7	32.0	1.02		0.648	0.468	0.933	0.629
CESM3_098bH	[-]	190.		13.5	25.2	0.00		0.671	0.533	1.00	0.684
CMIP6_001	[-]	199.		21.6	32.1	0.00		0.527	0.469	1.00	0.616
LE2_001	[-]	200.		23.1	35.4	0.00		0.506	0.470	1.00	0.611

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	165.
CESM3_092H	[-]	194.		28.8	35.6	0.577		0.677	0.746	0.962	0.782
CESM3_098bH	[-]	190.		25.3	34.3	0.412		0.710	0.745	0.970	0.792
CMIP6_001	[-]	179.		14.1	28.0	0.385		0.818	0.739	0.971	0.817
LE2_001	[-]	180.		14.4	28.6	0.302		0.817	0.727	0.980	0.813

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	129.
CESM3_092H	[-]	146.		17.2	28.3	0.0678		0.806	0.766	0.996	0.834
CESM3_098bH	[-]	144.		14.8	28.3	0.136		0.832	0.746	0.991	0.829
CMIP6_001	[-]	130.		0.803	25.5	1.15		0.922	0.741	0.893	0.824
LE2_001	[-]	130.		0.847	23.2	1.22		0.916	0.761	0.880	0.829

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	211.
CESM3_092H	[-]	219.		6.81	28.5	0.290		0.867	0.740	0.981	0.832
CESM3_098bH	[-]	216.		4.44	27.5	0.290		0.894	0.743	0.981	0.840
CMIP6_001	[-]	216.		4.92	26.6	0.472		0.900	0.747	0.969	0.841
LE2_001	[-]	215.		3.79	25.1	0.508		0.910	0.757	0.966	0.847

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	195.
CESM3_092H	[-]	239.		44.6	51.6	0.339		0.283	0.468	0.978	0.549
CESM3_098bH	[-]	238.		43.8	50.5	0.339		0.294	0.499	0.978	0.567
CMIP6_001	[-]	233.		38.9	48.1	0.339		0.323	0.441	0.978	0.545
LE2_001	[-]	234.		39.4	48.9	0.678		0.318	0.421	0.955	0.529

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	195.
CESM3_092H	[-]	225.		29.5	37.2	0.00		0.611	0.644	1.00	0.725
CESM3_098bH	[-]	224.		29.1	36.9	0.00		0.616	0.715	1.00	0.761
CMIP6_001	[-]	213.		18.0	30.0	0.00		0.740	0.675	1.00	0.773
LE2_001	[-]	210.		14.8	29.6	1.03		0.782	0.666	0.930	0.761

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	239.
CESM3_092H	[-]	240.		0.776	23.2	1.03		0.990	0.730	0.930	0.845
CESM3_098bH	[-]	241.		2.49	23.2	1.03		0.967	0.735	0.930	0.842
CMIP6_001	[-]	223.		-15.9	28.9	1.03		0.807	0.695	0.930	0.782
LE2_001	[-]	224.		-15.1	27.0	1.03		0.815	0.733	0.930	0.803

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Global - Land Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: SW_IN_F