Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Australia Europe Global - Land North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	44.5
CESM3_092H	[-]	76.0		31.7	40.5	1.52		0.00	0.276	0.784	0.334
CESM3_098bH	[-]	76.7		32.3	38.4	1.52		0.00	0.266	0.784	0.329
CMIP6_001	[-]	93.0		48.5	51.1	1.52		0.00	0.435	0.785	0.414
LE2_001	[-]	92.6		48.1	50.8	1.52		0.00	0.416	0.785	0.404

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	57.5
CESM3_092H	[-]	33.5		-24.0	47.5	1.02		0.0248	0.00	0.933	0.239
CESM3_098bH	[-]	34.9		-22.6	46.5	1.52		0.129	0.00	0.823	0.238
CMIP6_001	[-]	17.7		-39.8	55.4	1.53		0.00	0.00	0.857	0.214
LE2_001	[-]	19.7		-37.8	54.3	1.02		0.00	0.00	0.933	0.233

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	44.4
CESM3_092H	[-]	52.1		7.69	43.7	1.97		0.686	0.00	0.764	0.362
CESM3_098bH	[-]	52.3		7.90	41.3	0.983		0.677	0.00	0.937	0.403
CMIP6_001	[-]	46.3		1.88	41.4	1.97		0.923	0.00	0.764	0.422
LE2_001	[-]	46.3		1.90	41.0	1.97		0.922	0.00	0.764	0.421

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	20.8
CESM3_092H	[-]	16.0		-4.91	17.4	0.508		0.396	0.00	0.968	0.341
CESM3_098bH	[-]	15.5		-4.43	16.4	0.508		0.422	0.0543	0.966	0.374
CMIP6_001	[-]	16.9		-3.88	19.1	0.508		0.472	0.00	0.968	0.360
LE2_001	[-]	16.4		-4.43	19.6	0.508		0.411	0.00	0.968	0.345

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	97.2
CESM3_092H	[-]	94.1		-3.14	10.0	0.00		0.872	0.728	1.00	0.832
CESM3_098bH	[-]	93.7		-3.56	8.80	0.00		0.854	0.758	1.00	0.843
CMIP6_001	[-]	92.0		-5.28	11.1	0.00		0.784	0.701	1.00	0.797
LE2_001	[-]	91.2		-6.08	11.6	0.00		0.752	0.695	1.00	0.786

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	33.4
CESM3_092H	[-]	39.2		5.69	22.6	1.02		0.659	0.141	0.933	0.468
CESM3_098bH	[-]	38.9		5.68	22.3	0.508		0.654	0.128	0.962	0.468
CMIP6_001	[-]	31.6		-1.83	21.9	1.02		0.314	0.142	0.933	0.383
LE2_001	[-]	31.6		-1.79	21.0	1.02		0.244	0.144	0.933	0.366

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	41.2
CESM3_092H	[-]	51.1		9.91	25.9	0.599		0.400	0.217	0.910	0.436
CESM3_098bH	[-]	51.2		9.99	26.9	0.513		0.414	0.172	0.929	0.422
CMIP6_001	[-]	47.0		5.77	24.4	0.682		0.385	0.224	0.932	0.441
LE2_001	[-]	47.8		6.61	25.1	0.597		0.382	0.205	0.936	0.432

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	50.9
CESM3_092H	[-]	55.5		4.75	31.7	1.10		0.391	0.159	0.864	0.393
CESM3_098bH	[-]	54.8		3.67	30.8	1.01		0.400	0.151	0.894	0.399
CMIP6_001	[-]	51.1		1.48	31.1	1.05		0.376	0.150	0.902	0.394
LE2_001	[-]	48.2		-1.38	31.3	0.961		0.380	0.171	0.913	0.409

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	35.1
CESM3_092H	[-]	42.3		6.99	23.5	0.756		0.444	0.175	0.939	0.433
CESM3_098bH	[-]	42.5		7.23	23.9	0.817		0.417	0.172	0.933	0.423
CMIP6_001	[-]	38.2		3.06	22.8	0.879		0.531	0.173	0.927	0.451
LE2_001	[-]	37.8		2.69	22.6	0.864		0.544	0.176	0.928	0.456

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	40.1
CESM3_092H	[-]	46.7		6.48	27.7	0.831		0.385	0.144	0.876	0.387
CESM3_098bH	[-]	46.8		6.67	27.7	0.856		0.371	0.142	0.877	0.383
CMIP6_001	[-]	42.0		2.04	26.3	0.851		0.413	0.164	0.896	0.409
LE2_001	[-]	41.8		1.85	26.4	0.846		0.416	0.164	0.898	0.411

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	13.3
CESM3_092H	[-]	19.3		5.87	16.3	1.02		0.501	0.108	0.933	0.413
CESM3_098bH	[-]	19.5		6.43	16.2	0.678		0.472	0.117	0.956	0.416
CMIP6_001	[-]	16.4		3.10	15.7	1.02		0.594	0.0689	0.933	0.416
LE2_001	[-]	17.2		3.88	15.1	1.02		0.573	0.103	0.933	0.428

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	82.2
CESM3_092H	[-]	91.1		8.93	27.2	5.10		0.563	0.327	0.0631	0.320
CESM3_098bH	[-]	90.8		8.63	28.2	5.10		0.561	0.277	0.0631	0.295
CMIP6_001	[-]	93.6		11.5	28.1	0.00		0.578	0.310	1.00	0.549
LE2_001	[-]	94.3		12.2	28.8	0.00		0.582	0.292	1.00	0.542

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	41.6
CESM3_092H	[-]	54.5		12.9	29.6	0.441		0.311	0.119	0.969	0.379
CESM3_098bH	[-]	54.7		13.1	28.7	0.495		0.329	0.131	0.958	0.387
CMIP6_001	[-]	50.1		8.50	27.9	0.386		0.349	0.140	0.973	0.400
LE2_001	[-]	50.2		8.62	28.3	0.386		0.349	0.127	0.973	0.394

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	25.4
CESM3_092H	[-]	38.7		13.3	28.0	0.0678		0.259	0.00942	0.995	0.318
CESM3_098bH	[-]	38.3		12.8	26.8	0.136		0.238	0.0232	0.991	0.319
CMIP6_001	[-]	30.8		5.32	19.4	0.0678		0.496	0.111	0.995	0.428
LE2_001	[-]	31.2		5.77	19.2	0.00		0.477	0.121	1.00	0.430

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	41.1
CESM3_092H	[-]	40.5		-0.919	33.0	1.13		0.327	0.0850	0.822	0.330
CESM3_098bH	[-]	41.8		0.873	34.4	1.13		0.265	0.0779	0.843	0.316
CMIP6_001	[-]	31.3		-9.79	32.7	1.31		0.297	0.0821	0.812	0.318
LE2_001	[-]	31.8		-9.24	33.1	1.53		0.298	0.0833	0.797	0.315

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	97.5
CESM3_092H	[-]	84.9		-12.6	36.0	4.08		0.545	0.0610	0.283	0.237
CESM3_098bH	[-]	82.9		-14.7	35.1	4.73		0.522	0.0624	0.206	0.213
CMIP6_001	[-]	98.6		1.03	24.5	4.40		0.441	0.392	0.298	0.381
LE2_001	[-]	99.9		2.40	24.2	4.40		0.433	0.391	0.298	0.378

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	101.
CESM3_092H	[-]	80.1		-20.6	39.4	0.00		0.156	0.00	1.00	0.289
CESM3_098bH	[-]	78.4		-22.3	40.9	1.03		0.0898	0.0894	0.930	0.300
CMIP6_001	[-]	76.4		-24.3	43.3	1.03		0.00756	0.0352	0.930	0.252
LE2_001	[-]	80.1		-20.6	38.3	0.00		0.159	0.00	1.00	0.290

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	45.3
CESM3_092H	[-]	36.9		-8.39	20.8	0.983		0.490	0.101	0.937	0.407
CESM3_098bH	[-]	32.5		-12.7	27.2	0.983		0.225	0.101	0.937	0.341
CMIP6_001	[-]	37.7		-7.61	28.2	0.983		0.537	0.00	0.937	0.368
LE2_001	[-]	36.9		-8.36	24.2	0.983		0.492	0.0465	0.937	0.380

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Global - Land Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: LE_F_MDS