Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Australia Europe Global - Land North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	92.3
CESM3_092H	[-]	100.		8.77	24.7	1.00		0.284	0.181	0.935	0.395
CESM3_098bH	[-]	95.6		5.78	24.1	1.00		0.195	0.319	0.935	0.442
CMIP6_001	[-]	133.		40.3	47.5	0.00		0.0171	0.277	1.00	0.393
LE2_001	[-]	132.		39.7	44.3	0.508		0.0169	0.283	0.966	0.387

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	82.3
CESM3_092H	[-]	95.9		13.6	21.5	0.508		0.355	0.406	0.966	0.533
CESM3_098bH	[-]	88.6		6.29	14.7	0.508		0.702	0.476	0.966	0.655
CMIP6_001	[-]	82.9		0.652	23.6	1.53		0.578	0.201	0.839	0.454
LE2_001	[-]	84.2		1.89	20.7	1.53		0.627	0.306	0.839	0.519

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	128.
CESM3_092H	[-]	121.		-7.41	16.3	0.983		0.605	0.407	0.937	0.589
CESM3_098bH	[-]	117.		-11.2	17.4	0.983		0.403	0.364	0.937	0.517
CMIP6_001	[-]	113.		-15.0	20.6	0.983		0.199	0.395	0.937	0.482
LE2_001	[-]	112.		-16.1	20.1	0.983		0.142	0.376	0.937	0.457

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	49.5
CESM3_092H	[-]	22.2		-27.3	21.4	0.00		0.0876	0.260	1.00	0.402
CESM3_098bH	[-]	20.2		-29.2	21.1	0.00		0.0413	0.191	1.00	0.356
CMIP6_001	[-]	25.7		-23.8	21.3	0.00		0.225	0.168	1.00	0.390
LE2_001	[-]	24.4		-25.1	20.5	0.00		0.160	0.156	1.00	0.368

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	144.
CESM3_092H	[-]	122.		-22.0	25.3	1.02		0.00	0.437	0.933	0.452
CESM3_098bH	[-]	118.		-26.1	28.9	1.02		0.00	0.413	0.933	0.440
CMIP6_001	[-]	126.		-18.4	27.5	1.02		0.0202	0.148	0.933	0.312
LE2_001	[-]	126.		-18.4	29.7	1.02		0.0193	0.103	0.933	0.289

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	66.8
CESM3_092H	[-]	53.1		-13.8	17.5	1.02		0.222	0.152	0.933	0.365
CESM3_098bH	[-]	52.2		-15.3	17.0	1.02		0.157	0.112	0.933	0.329
CMIP6_001	[-]	48.7		-18.1	17.1	1.02		0.272	0.101	0.933	0.352
LE2_001	[-]	49.3		-17.5	15.7	0.508		0.300	0.151	0.966	0.392

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	73.7
CESM3_092H	[-]	82.0		8.36	18.7	0.612		0.436	0.269	0.948	0.481
CESM3_098bH	[-]	80.4		6.72	18.0	0.612		0.487	0.239	0.948	0.478
CMIP6_001	[-]	83.4		9.76	18.0	0.510		0.520	0.265	0.954	0.501
LE2_001	[-]	83.5		9.87	19.5	0.510		0.512	0.228	0.954	0.480

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	122.
CESM3_092H	[-]	112.		-8.33	23.0	1.07		0.415	0.279	0.875	0.462
CESM3_098bH	[-]	108.		-12.1	22.5	1.16		0.321	0.283	0.864	0.438
CMIP6_001	[-]	111.		-9.61	21.9	1.02		0.402	0.289	0.885	0.466
LE2_001	[-]	110.		-10.5	22.0	1.01		0.406	0.272	0.887	0.459

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	69.7
CESM3_092H	[-]	66.9		-3.47	21.6	0.403		0.397	0.190	0.973	0.438
CESM3_098bH	[-]	65.0		-4.70	21.8	0.420		0.395	0.203	0.972	0.443
CMIP6_001	[-]	66.9		-2.83	20.6	0.387		0.430	0.226	0.974	0.464
LE2_001	[-]	67.0		-2.69	20.7	0.355		0.431	0.211	0.976	0.457

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	87.4
CESM3_092H	[-]	80.2		-7.32	22.1	0.638		0.380	0.213	0.940	0.437
CESM3_098bH	[-]	78.0		-8.56	22.0	0.622		0.357	0.224	0.942	0.437
CMIP6_001	[-]	79.0		-8.04	22.5	0.529		0.359	0.225	0.951	0.440
LE2_001	[-]	79.0		-8.02	22.6	0.555		0.356	0.220	0.949	0.436

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	34.7
CESM3_092H	[-]	24.7		-10.3	21.9	0.339		0.395	0.222	0.978	0.454
CESM3_098bH	[-]	24.5		-10.7	22.7	0.339		0.375	0.182	0.978	0.429
CMIP6_001	[-]	24.0		-10.7	24.6	0.678		0.375	0.0963	0.955	0.381
LE2_001	[-]	23.8		-10.8	25.0	0.339		0.370	0.108	0.978	0.391

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	117.
CESM3_092H	[-]	121.		4.01	24.8	1.51		0.773	0.223	0.844	0.516
CESM3_098bH	[-]	119.		1.93	20.5	0.492		0.773	0.341	0.968	0.606
CMIP6_001	[-]	131.		13.9	27.3	0.492		0.450	0.203	0.968	0.456
LE2_001	[-]	132.		15.1	29.0	0.492		0.405	0.248	0.968	0.467

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	104.
CESM3_092H	[-]	85.5		-18.6	24.6	0.876		0.385	0.112	0.922	0.383
CESM3_098bH	[-]	83.7		-19.9	24.6	0.679		0.359	0.141	0.938	0.395
CMIP6_001	[-]	83.4		-20.4	24.1	0.622		0.328	0.142	0.937	0.387
LE2_001	[-]	83.5		-20.4	24.9	0.763		0.312	0.128	0.922	0.372

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	69.4
CESM3_092H	[-]	60.1		-9.26	18.1	0.271		0.430	0.337	0.982	0.522
CESM3_098bH	[-]	58.9		-10.5	19.1	0.474		0.394	0.314	0.969	0.498
CMIP6_001	[-]	61.3		-8.07	19.6	0.0678		0.401	0.286	0.996	0.492
LE2_001	[-]	61.6		-7.79	18.5	0.136		0.403	0.323	0.991	0.510

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	97.8
CESM3_092H	[-]	89.3		-9.40	24.0	0.752		0.278	0.227	0.908	0.410
CESM3_098bH	[-]	86.8		-7.51	23.8	0.752		0.229	0.233	0.908	0.401
CMIP6_001	[-]	83.0		-14.7	26.2	0.565		0.191	0.254	0.943	0.410
LE2_001	[-]	83.2		-14.5	26.3	0.565		0.188	0.251	0.943	0.408

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	133.
CESM3_092H	[-]	146.		13.1	21.3	0.339		0.302	0.367	0.978	0.504
CESM3_098bH	[-]	144.		10.3	20.4	0.339		0.430	0.351	0.978	0.527
CMIP6_001	[-]	156.		22.6	28.7	0.339		0.00	0.351	0.978	0.420
LE2_001	[-]	156.		23.1	29.1	0.678		0.00	0.330	0.955	0.404

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	125.
CESM3_092H	[-]	115.		-10.5	23.9	0.00		0.439	0.0261	1.00	0.373
CESM3_098bH	[-]	112.		-13.6	25.0	0.00		0.276	0.0734	1.00	0.356
CMIP6_001	[-]	111.		-14.8	25.2	0.00		0.208	0.0413	1.00	0.323
LE2_001	[-]	110.		-15.0	22.2	1.03		0.197	0.159	0.930	0.362

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	117.
CESM3_092H	[-]	99.1		-18.1	13.6	0.00		0.00	0.389	1.00	0.444
CESM3_098bH	[-]	96.0		-21.3	16.3	0.00		0.00	0.400	1.00	0.450
CMIP6_001	[-]	95.8		-21.5	13.9	0.00		0.00	0.377	1.00	0.438
LE2_001	[-]	96.1		-21.2	14.8	0.00		0.00	0.387	1.00	0.443

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Global - Land Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: NETRAD