Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Australia Europe Global - Land North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	17.4
CESM3_092H	[-]	26.8		9.64	10.5	2.00		0.00	0.615	0.756	0.496
CESM3_098bH	[-]	25.9		9.00	8.93	2.00		0.00650	0.619	0.756	0.500
CMIP6_001	[-]	28.0		10.6	11.2	2.00		0.00	0.709	0.756	0.543
LE2_001	[-]	28.0		10.6	11.6	2.00		0.00	0.691	0.756	0.534

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	79.8
CESM3_092H	[-]	58.8		-21.0	25.7	0.00		0.00	0.476	1.00	0.488
CESM3_098bH	[-]	55.1		-24.7	27.6	1.02		0.00	0.448	0.933	0.457
CMIP6_001	[-]	67.4		-12.4	20.8	1.02		0.268	0.269	0.933	0.435
LE2_001	[-]	66.5		-13.3	17.3	1.02		0.212	0.552	0.933	0.562

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	32.2
CESM3_092H	[-]	39.7		7.53	8.07	1.02		0.169	0.698	0.933	0.624
CESM3_098bH	[-]	39.3		7.09	8.11	1.02		0.217	0.579	0.933	0.577
CMIP6_001	[-]	39.6		7.44	9.70	1.02		0.178	0.506	0.933	0.531
LE2_001	[-]	39.0		6.86	9.13	1.02		0.242	0.539	0.933	0.563

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	44.5
CESM3_092H	[-]	34.2		-10.7	20.9	0.00		0.413	0.416	1.00	0.561
CESM3_098bH	[-]	33.0		-12.0	25.3	0.00		0.354	0.286	1.00	0.482
CMIP6_001	[-]	28.4		-16.1	25.6	0.00		0.220	0.345	1.00	0.478
LE2_001	[-]	29.4		-15.1	24.8	0.00		0.278	0.326	1.00	0.483

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	22.2
CESM3_092H	[-]	33.5		11.3	12.5	0.983		0.00	0.548	0.937	0.508
CESM3_098bH	[-]	32.9		10.6	12.0	0.983		0.00	0.546	0.937	0.507
CMIP6_001	[-]	26.1		3.81	6.01	0.983		0.579	0.580	0.937	0.669
LE2_001	[-]	26.1		3.81	5.74	0.983		0.579	0.567	0.937	0.663

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	7.13
CESM3_092H	[-]	22.9		15.7	22.1	0.00		0.00	0.00	1.00	0.250
CESM3_098bH	[-]	22.8		15.6	21.6	0.00		0.00	0.00	1.00	0.250
CMIP6_001	[-]	16.5		9.34	13.6	0.00		0.00	0.211	1.00	0.356
LE2_001	[-]	16.1		9.00	12.9	0.00		0.00	0.273	1.00	0.387

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	33.2
CESM3_092H	[-]	31.6		-1.56	12.2	2.28		0.386	0.318	0.688	0.427
CESM3_098bH	[-]	31.1		-2.11	12.4	1.77		0.329	0.300	0.751	0.420
CMIP6_001	[-]	28.9		-4.31	10.5	1.27		0.440	0.352	0.841	0.496
LE2_001	[-]	28.8		-4.42	10.8	1.78		0.451	0.325	0.778	0.470

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	34.6
CESM3_092H	[-]	37.7		3.37	9.79	1.02		0.496	0.444	0.881	0.566
CESM3_098bH	[-]	37.7		2.91	9.91	0.924		0.529	0.443	0.887	0.576
CMIP6_001	[-]	34.2		-0.787	9.11	1.02		0.511	0.413	0.873	0.553
LE2_001	[-]	35.0		-0.0563	9.02	1.02		0.508	0.451	0.873	0.571

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	23.9
CESM3_092H	[-]	26.5		2.48	14.5	1.21		0.263	0.283	0.825	0.414
CESM3_098bH	[-]	25.9		1.89	14.2	1.21		0.260	0.296	0.829	0.420
CMIP6_001	[-]	23.5		-0.404	14.2	0.977		0.275	0.316	0.862	0.443
LE2_001	[-]	23.4		-0.436	13.6	0.998		0.281	0.333	0.860	0.451

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	29.1
CESM3_092H	[-]	32.9		3.72	13.9	1.29		0.310	0.317	0.816	0.440
CESM3_098bH	[-]	32.2		2.97	13.8	1.27		0.323	0.319	0.819	0.445
CMIP6_001	[-]	29.4		0.221	13.7	1.17		0.364	0.325	0.840	0.463
LE2_001	[-]	29.5		0.328	13.5	1.21		0.363	0.341	0.833	0.470

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	40.3
CESM3_092H	[-]	27.1		-13.5	24.6	0.508		0.317	0.173	0.966	0.407
CESM3_098bH	[-]	26.8		-13.4	25.5	0.508		0.321	0.126	0.966	0.385
CMIP6_001	[-]	23.3		-17.1	29.7	0.508		0.183	0.113	0.966	0.344
LE2_001	[-]	23.0		-17.4	28.6	0.508		0.143	0.138	0.966	0.347

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	32.4
CESM3_092H	[-]	38.1		5.65	15.3	2.38		0.191	0.0663	0.585	0.227
CESM3_098bH	[-]	36.3		3.66	16.3	2.32		0.301	0.0639	0.589	0.255
CMIP6_001	[-]	32.2		-0.156	15.5	2.39		0.464	0.0514	0.620	0.297
LE2_001	[-]	33.0		0.638	17.7	2.57		0.452	0.0487	0.586	0.284

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	18.1
CESM3_092H	[-]	29.2		11.2	14.4	1.45		0.167	0.484	0.792	0.481
CESM3_098bH	[-]	28.3		10.2	13.9	1.52		0.190	0.486	0.787	0.487
CMIP6_001	[-]	19.3		1.22	9.35	1.45		0.525	0.585	0.792	0.622
LE2_001	[-]	19.0		0.961	9.17	1.45		0.525	0.602	0.792	0.630

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	37.9
CESM3_092H	[-]	38.8		0.618	12.2	0.854		0.496	0.346	0.900	0.522
CESM3_098bH	[-]	38.0		0.0640	10.8	0.961		0.478	0.353	0.893	0.519
CMIP6_001	[-]	38.6		0.773	15.7	0.799		0.325	0.278	0.923	0.451
LE2_001	[-]	38.3		0.400	15.1	0.799		0.309	0.292	0.923	0.454

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	22.3
CESM3_092H	[-]	39.8		17.5	19.3	0.508		0.00	0.585	0.966	0.534
CESM3_098bH	[-]	40.2		17.9	19.3	0.00		0.00	0.556	1.00	0.528
CMIP6_001	[-]	30.6		8.37	9.52	0.508		0.200	0.658	0.966	0.621
LE2_001	[-]	30.7		8.45	9.46	0.508		0.192	0.643	0.966	0.611

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Global - Land Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: SW_OUT