Australia Boreal Asia Boreal North America Central America Central Asia Equatorial Asia Europe Globe Middle East Northern Hemisphere Africa Northern Hemisphere South America Southeast Asia Southern Hemisphere Africa Southern Hemisphere South America Temperate North America

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.15
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	1.13	1.10	2.17	1.14	1.69		0.00892	0.452	0.754		0.74	0.56	0.92	0.94	0.82	0.76
GSWP3v1	[-]	1.13	1.10	2.12	1.14	1.69		0.00634	0.408	0.643		0.76	0.60	0.93	0.97	0.83	0.78
WFDEI	[-]	1.11	1.09	2.17	1.14	1.69		-0.00826	0.559	0.613		0.75	0.48	0.93	0.96	0.83	0.74

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.798
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	0.732	0.736	0.410	0.805	0.352		-0.0771	0.423	0.524		0.88	0.62	0.97	0.99	0.78	0.81
GSWP3v1	[-]	0.707	0.710	0.534	0.805	0.352		-0.100	0.483	0.491		0.85	0.59	0.97	0.95	0.76	0.78
WFDEI	[-]	0.556	0.559	0.382	0.805	0.352		-0.251	0.468	0.420		0.74	0.64	0.97	0.99	0.86	0.81

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.704
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	0.615	0.625	0.273	0.710	0.456		-0.114	0.453	0.518		0.78	0.57	0.96	0.98	0.79	0.78
GSWP3v1	[-]	0.629	0.638	0.326	0.710	0.456		-0.0987	0.472	0.450		0.78	0.57	0.97	0.96	0.78	0.77
WFDEI	[-]	0.505	0.513	0.240	0.710	0.456		-0.221	0.497	0.490		0.70	0.57	0.97	0.96	0.81	0.76

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.87
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	2.23	2.21	2.73	1.88	1.64		0.430	1.08	0.887		0.54	0.44	0.89	0.71	0.72	0.62
GSWP3v1	[-]	2.11	2.10	2.41	1.88	1.64		0.276	0.876	0.930		0.60	0.48	0.87	0.87	0.78	0.68
WFDEI	[-]	2.11	2.09	2.56	1.88	1.64		0.308	0.949	0.868		0.61	0.43	0.88	0.88	0.74	0.66

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.785
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	0.818	0.814	1.26	0.783	0.730		0.0502	0.436	0.583		0.79	0.55	0.96	0.98	0.75	0.76
GSWP3v1	[-]	0.760	0.757	1.13	0.783	0.730		-0.00983	0.397	0.616		0.79	0.59	0.96	0.97	0.80	0.78
WFDEI	[-]	0.787	0.783	1.25	0.783	0.730		0.0168	0.479	0.760		0.75	0.55	0.95	0.95	0.76	0.75

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.90
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	4.48	4.48	4.37	3.03	2.07		1.40	1.53	2.63		0.18	0.31	0.58	0.62	0.77	0.46
GSWP3v1	[-]	3.59	3.59	3.58	3.03	2.07		0.577	0.974	2.39		0.39	0.32	0.60	0.37	0.74	0.46
WFDEI	[-]	3.65	3.62	3.85	3.03	2.07		0.658	1.04	2.37		0.38	0.33	0.60	0.52	0.76	0.49

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.10
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	1.27	1.28	1.21	1.11	0.755		0.163	0.498	0.436		0.79	0.62	0.97	0.97	0.74	0.79
GSWP3v1	[-]	1.16	1.17	1.15	1.11	0.755		0.0602	0.428	0.464		0.82	0.66	0.97	0.98	0.79	0.82
WFDEI	[-]	1.04	1.05	1.13	1.11	0.755		-0.0498	0.477	0.389		0.79	0.65	0.97	0.95	0.80	0.80

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.18
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	1.34	1.33	1.74	1.17	1.30		0.182	0.602	0.891		0.55	0.45	0.82	0.91	0.71	0.65
GSWP3v1	[-]	1.21	1.21	1.54	1.17	1.30		0.0561	0.503	0.970		0.63	0.49	0.82	0.97	0.78	0.69
WFDEI	[-]	1.20	1.19	1.62	1.17	1.30		0.0423	0.549	0.853		0.60	0.47	0.82	0.96	0.78	0.68

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.325
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	0.309	0.314	0.839	0.316	0.886		0.0257	0.257	1.31		0.65	0.48	0.89	0.94	0.77	0.70
GSWP3v1	[-]	0.315	0.320	0.764	0.316	0.886		0.0294	0.243	1.10		0.67	0.49	0.90	0.95	0.79	0.71
WFDEI	[-]	0.358	0.363	0.869	0.316	0.886		0.0720	0.309	1.28		0.61	0.43	0.89	0.93	0.76	0.68

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.31
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	1.73	1.64	1.99	1.31	1.56		0.338	0.843	0.935		0.44	0.33	0.81	0.83	0.58	0.55
GSWP3v1	[-]	1.66	1.58	1.72	1.31	1.56		0.277	0.627	1.10		0.54	0.42	0.74	0.93	0.75	0.63
WFDEI	[-]	1.62	1.55	1.87	1.31	1.56		0.242	0.631	0.875		0.59	0.41	0.79	0.95	0.75	0.65

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.05
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	4.05	4.04	3.97	3.07	1.88		0.952	1.24	2.47		0.24	0.29	0.58	0.99	0.70	0.51
GSWP3v1	[-]	3.31	3.30	3.23	3.07	1.88		0.215	0.798	2.04		0.47	0.32	0.64	0.82	0.75	0.55
WFDEI	[-]	3.13	3.13	3.25	3.07	1.88		0.0519	0.843	1.98		0.39	0.31	0.64	0.78	0.78	0.53

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.75
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	2.52	2.50	3.30	1.76	1.88		0.797	1.22	1.29		0.41	0.31	0.81	0.85	0.50	0.53
GSWP3v1	[-]	2.03	2.01	2.66	1.76	1.88		0.303	0.794	1.21		0.52	0.44	0.80	0.95	0.77	0.65
WFDEI	[-]	2.16	2.14	3.04	1.76	1.88		0.439	0.938	1.27		0.48	0.40	0.80	0.94	0.69	0.62

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.72
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	2.13	2.16	2.12	1.72	1.51		0.422	0.913	1.20		0.48	0.43	0.80	0.72	0.69	0.59
GSWP3v1	[-]	2.05	2.07	1.80	1.72	1.51		0.333	0.756	0.970		0.54	0.48	0.86	0.84	0.75	0.66
WFDEI	[-]	2.01	2.02	2.12	1.72	1.51		0.293	0.775	1.10		0.56	0.46	0.83	0.85	0.76	0.65

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.35
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	2.74	2.77	2.09	2.36	0.992		0.365	0.820	1.46		0.45	0.43	0.72	0.91	0.75	0.61
GSWP3v1	[-]	2.43	2.45	1.79	2.36	0.992		0.0479	0.660	1.69		0.63	0.43	0.67	0.99	0.78	0.65
WFDEI	[-]	2.43	2.45	1.87	2.36	0.992		0.0455	0.684	1.54		0.58	0.43	0.69	0.98	0.80	0.66

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [mm d-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [mm d-1]		Bias [mm d-1]	RMSE [mm d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.50
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	1.34	1.34	1.40	1.51	1.13		-0.156	0.545	0.501		0.77	0.61	0.96	0.99	0.80	0.79
GSWP3v1	[-]	1.25	1.25	1.36	1.51	1.13		-0.247	0.549	0.504		0.72	0.64	0.96	0.97	0.86	0.80
WFDEI	[-]	1.30	1.30	1.37	1.51	1.13		-0.198	0.644	0.568		0.72	0.58	0.96	0.95	0.78	0.76

Australia Boreal Asia Boreal North America Central America Central Asia Equatorial Asia Europe Globe Middle East Northern Hemisphere Africa Northern Hemisphere South America Southeast Asia Southern Hemisphere Africa Southern Hemisphere South America Temperate North America

	Download Data	SurfaceAirTemperature Hellinger Distance [1]	Precipitation Hellinger Distance [1]		Precipitation RMSE Score [1]	SurfaceAirTemperature RMSE Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	0.169	0.216		0.64	0.88	0.76
GSWP3v1	[-]	0.152	0.195		0.77	0.86	0.82
WFDEI	[-]	0.176	0.205		0.77	0.88	0.82

	Download Data	SurfaceAirTemperature Hellinger Distance [1]	Precipitation Hellinger Distance [1]		Precipitation RMSE Score [1]	SurfaceAirTemperature RMSE Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	0.205	0.349		0.89	0.91	0.90
GSWP3v1	[-]	0.270	0.298		0.83	0.87	0.85
WFDEI	[-]	0.471	0.430		0.65	0.76	0.70

	Download Data	SurfaceAirTemperature Hellinger Distance [1]	Precipitation Hellinger Distance [1]		Precipitation RMSE Score [1]	SurfaceAirTemperature RMSE Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	0.304	0.230		0.82	0.86	0.84
GSWP3v1	[-]	0.261	0.198		0.75	0.77	0.76
WFDEI	[-]	0.378	0.282		0.68	0.72	0.70

	Download Data	SurfaceAirTemperature Hellinger Distance [1]	Precipitation Hellinger Distance [1]		Precipitation RMSE Score [1]	SurfaceAirTemperature RMSE Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	0.241	0.265		0.58	0.70	0.64
GSWP3v1	[-]	0.266	0.269		0.65	0.80	0.72
WFDEI	[-]	0.293	0.270		0.68	0.79	0.74

	Download Data	SurfaceAirTemperature Hellinger Distance [1]	Precipitation Hellinger Distance [1]		Precipitation RMSE Score [1]	SurfaceAirTemperature RMSE Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	0.160	0.274		0.80	0.82	0.81
GSWP3v1	[-]	0.144	0.257		0.92	0.86	0.89
WFDEI	[-]	0.197	0.244		0.91	0.73	0.82

	Download Data	SurfaceAirTemperature Hellinger Distance [1]	Precipitation Hellinger Distance [1]		Precipitation RMSE Score [1]	SurfaceAirTemperature RMSE Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	0.422	0.254		0.59	0.66	0.62
GSWP3v1	[-]	0.297	0.319		0.74	0.88	0.81
WFDEI	[-]	0.372	0.341		0.71	0.83	0.77

	Download Data	SurfaceAirTemperature Hellinger Distance [1]	Precipitation Hellinger Distance [1]		Precipitation RMSE Score [1]	SurfaceAirTemperature RMSE Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	0.233	0.446		0.80	0.86	0.83
GSWP3v1	[-]	0.218	0.280		0.89	0.89	0.89
WFDEI	[-]	0.299	0.293		0.81	0.83	0.82

	Download Data	SurfaceAirTemperature Hellinger Distance [1]	Precipitation Hellinger Distance [1]		Precipitation RMSE Score [1]	SurfaceAirTemperature RMSE Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	0.268	0.330		0.67	0.81	0.74
GSWP3v1	[-]	0.246	0.284		0.86	0.86	0.86
WFDEI	[-]	0.262	0.212		0.87	0.84	0.86

	Download Data	SurfaceAirTemperature Hellinger Distance [1]	Precipitation Hellinger Distance [1]		Precipitation RMSE Score [1]	SurfaceAirTemperature RMSE Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	0.251	0.278		0.70	0.77	0.74
GSWP3v1	[-]	0.124	0.225		0.80	0.81	0.81
WFDEI	[-]	0.178	0.282		0.73	0.79	0.76

	Download Data	SurfaceAirTemperature Hellinger Distance [1]	Precipitation Hellinger Distance [1]		Precipitation RMSE Score [1]	SurfaceAirTemperature RMSE Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	0.325	0.340		0.58	0.67	0.62
GSWP3v1	[-]	0.265	0.334		0.71	0.72	0.71
WFDEI	[-]	0.284	0.315		0.74	0.82	0.78

	Download Data	SurfaceAirTemperature Hellinger Distance [1]	Precipitation Hellinger Distance [1]		Precipitation RMSE Score [1]	SurfaceAirTemperature RMSE Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	0.451	0.281		0.67	0.79	0.73
GSWP3v1	[-]	0.316	0.237		0.81	0.92	0.86
WFDEI	[-]	0.318	0.251		0.83	0.89	0.86

	Download Data	SurfaceAirTemperature Hellinger Distance [1]	Precipitation Hellinger Distance [1]		Precipitation RMSE Score [1]	SurfaceAirTemperature RMSE Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	0.383	0.349		0.48	0.67	0.58
GSWP3v1	[-]	0.334	0.309		0.71	0.81	0.76
WFDEI	[-]	0.401	0.313		0.62	0.74	0.68

	Download Data	SurfaceAirTemperature Hellinger Distance [1]	Precipitation Hellinger Distance [1]		Precipitation RMSE Score [1]	SurfaceAirTemperature RMSE Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	0.318	0.331		0.61	0.76	0.69
GSWP3v1	[-]	0.318	0.322		0.73	0.82	0.77
WFDEI	[-]	0.341	0.361		0.77	0.80	0.78

	Download Data	SurfaceAirTemperature Hellinger Distance [1]	Precipitation Hellinger Distance [1]		Precipitation RMSE Score [1]	SurfaceAirTemperature RMSE Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	0.355	0.363		0.78	0.84	0.81
GSWP3v1	[-]	0.240	0.307		0.88	0.93	0.91
WFDEI	[-]	0.304	0.341		0.89	0.90	0.89

	Download Data	SurfaceAirTemperature Hellinger Distance [1]	Precipitation Hellinger Distance [1]		Precipitation RMSE Score [1]	SurfaceAirTemperature RMSE Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	0.234	0.280		0.93	0.86	0.90
GSWP3v1	[-]	0.236	0.314		0.83	0.82	0.83
WFDEI	[-]	0.251	0.298		0.83	0.83	0.83

Australia Boreal Asia Boreal North America Central America Central Asia Equatorial Asia Europe Globe Middle East Northern Hemisphere Africa Northern Hemisphere South America Southeast Asia Southern Hemisphere Africa Southern Hemisphere South America Temperate North America Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Interannual variability Interannual variability score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean Relationship with Precipitation Relationship with diff_Precipitation Relationship with func_Precipitation Relationship with SurfaceAirTemperature Relationship with diff_SurfaceAirTemperature Relationship with func_SurfaceAirTemperature

  _NCProperties: version=1|netcdflibversion=4.4.1|hdf5libversion=1.8.17

  creation_date: Mon Jun 30 15:54:17 PDT 2014

  Conventions: Please contact Prof. James Randerson (Email: jranders@uci.edu) or Dr. Mingquan Mu (mmu@uci.edu) for any question

  source_file: This product is generated from monthly GLEAM ET in 0.25x0.25 observations

  title: derived GLEAM ET in 0.5x0.5

  Approach: I simply read et from the raw data files. Meanwhile I converted the original unit to the standard one (mm/day --> Kg/m2/s), binned the original 0.25 degree to the final 0.5 degree resolution and also converted the daily to the monthly, and saved the final file in netcdf format by the month and the year. Derived Data Code: http://redwood.ess.uci.edu/mingquan/www/ILAMB/Download/CODES/CODES/subroutines/convert/convert-et-gleam.ncl

  Temporal resolution: monthly

  General information: This product was derived from GLEAM V2A daily 0.25 degree dataset.

  Spatial resolution: 0.5x0.5 degree