Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	304.
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	303.	303.	304.	304.	304.		-0.242	1.35	0.659		0.644	0.514	0.909	0.996	0.759	0.723
GSWP3v1	[-]	305.	305.	304.	304.	304.		1.75	2.06	0.325		0.300	0.649	0.958	0.999	0.801	0.726
WATCH	[-]	304.	304.	305.	304.	304.		-0.0387	1.11	0.358		0.692	0.587	0.958	0.999	0.779	0.767

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	307.
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	307.	307.	305.	307.	305.		0.336	1.88	0.219		0.734	0.580	0.983	0.995	0.698	0.762
GSWP3v1	[-]	309.	309.	305.	307.	305.		1.99	2.21	0.171		0.491	0.768	0.986	0.997	0.882	0.815
WATCH	[-]	306.	307.	305.	307.	305.		-0.136	1.32	0.243		0.792	0.692	0.980	1.00	0.853	0.835

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	301.
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	302.	302.	300.	301.	302.		0.673	1.84	0.633		0.608	0.587	0.922	0.998	0.861	0.760
GSWP3v1	[-]	303.	303.	300.	301.	302.		1.80	2.10	0.302		0.436	0.738	0.963	0.998	0.831	0.784
WATCH	[-]	301.	301.	300.	301.	302.		0.0856	1.32	0.366		0.689	0.662	0.954	0.999	0.842	0.801

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	266.
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	263.	263.	266.	266.	269.		-2.12	2.84	0.0467		0.873	0.898	0.997	0.991	0.879	0.923
GSWP3v1	[-]	266.	266.	270.	266.	269.		0.589	1.77	0.0318		0.941	0.912	0.998	0.999	0.901	0.944
WATCH	[-]	264.	264.	266.	266.	269.		-1.80	2.72	0.0397		0.891	0.889	0.997	0.991	0.896	0.926

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	304.
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	301.	301.	301.	304.	303.		-2.47	2.55	1.46		0.0953	0.477	0.773	0.878	0.765	0.578
GSWP3v1	[-]	305.	305.	304.	304.	303.		1.33	1.84	1.04		0.163	0.510	0.845	0.900	0.811	0.623
WATCH	[-]	304.	304.	304.	304.	303.		0.0905	1.10	0.915		0.428	0.429	0.866	0.955	0.863	0.662

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	276.
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	274.	274.	276.	276.	278.		-1.78	2.21	0.00705		0.887	0.922	1.00	0.993	0.967	0.949
GSWP3v1	[-]	276.	276.	278.	276.	278.		0.272	1.09	0.00657		0.962	0.943	1.00	1.00	0.971	0.970
WATCH	[-]	274.	274.	276.	276.	278.		-1.72	2.22	0.00875		0.887	0.919	0.999	0.999	0.940	0.944

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	286.
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	285.	285.	290.	286.	289.		-0.391	1.96	0.0896		0.869	0.888	0.993	0.993	0.937	0.928
GSWP3v1	[-]	287.	286.	291.	286.	289.		0.949	1.62	0.0587		0.869	0.927	0.996	1.00	0.942	0.943
WATCH	[-]	285.	284.	290.	286.	289.		-0.947	2.01	0.0763		0.859	0.900	0.994	0.999	0.912	0.928

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	302.
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	302.	302.	303.	302.	304.		-0.220	1.71	0.251		0.698	0.745	0.976	0.999	0.831	0.832
GSWP3v1	[-]	304.	304.	304.	302.	304.		1.34	1.91	0.200		0.600	0.817	0.980	1.00	0.917	0.855
WATCH	[-]	302.	302.	304.	302.	304.		-0.0813	1.65	0.208		0.720	0.760	0.978	1.00	0.878	0.850

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	268.
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	265.	265.	266.	268.	268.		-2.30	2.90	0.0405		0.862	0.895	0.997	0.994	0.910	0.926
GSWP3v1	[-]	267.	267.	269.	268.	268.		-0.198	1.44	0.0151		0.965	0.919	0.999	1.00	0.912	0.952
WATCH	[-]	266.	266.	266.	268.	268.		-1.88	2.51	0.0116		0.884	0.901	0.999	0.999	0.915	0.933

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	301.
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	302.	302.	296.	301.	299.		0.241	1.78	0.146		0.741	0.824	0.989	0.983	0.879	0.873
GSWP3v1	[-]	303.	303.	297.	301.	299.		1.76	1.99	0.114		0.673	0.880	0.991	0.997	0.905	0.888
WATCH	[-]	301.	301.	298.	301.	299.		-0.303	1.06	0.117		0.875	0.840	0.991	1.00	0.935	0.913

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	286.
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	284.	284.	286.	286.	289.		-1.14	1.77	0.276		0.825	0.889	0.981	0.995	0.924	0.917
GSWP3v1	[-]	286.	286.	287.	286.	289.		0.520	1.28	0.193		0.881	0.906	0.987	0.997	0.941	0.936
WATCH	[-]	285.	285.	286.	286.	289.		-0.584	1.57	0.266		0.865	0.879	0.982	0.996	0.925	0.921

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	292.
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	287.	292.	247.	292.	295.		-0.595	2.12	0.279		0.735	0.769	0.967	0.993	0.866	0.850
GSWP3v1	[-]	289.	293.	252.	292.	295.		1.15	1.82	0.166		0.687	0.840	0.981	0.997	0.910	0.876
WATCH	[-]	287.	291.	251.	292.	295.		-0.675	1.73	0.198		0.793	0.788	0.978	0.997	0.898	0.874

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	303.
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	304.	304.	301.	303.	303.		1.50	2.34	0.202		0.746	0.823	0.983	0.988	0.826	0.865
GSWP3v1	[-]	304.	304.	301.	303.	303.		1.71	2.09	0.115		0.736	0.892	0.991	0.998	0.913	0.904
WATCH	[-]	302.	302.	301.	302.	302.		-0.584	1.56	0.149		0.855	0.856	0.988	1.00	0.912	0.911

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	268.
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	267.	267.	264.	268.	270.		-1.71	2.54	0.0217		0.874	0.876	0.999	0.999	0.890	0.919
GSWP3v1	[-]	269.	269.	268.	268.	270.		0.359	1.57	0.0160		0.940	0.903	0.999	0.999	0.912	0.943
WATCH	[-]	267.	267.	265.	268.	269.		-0.968	1.86	0.00498		0.922	0.893	1.00	0.999	0.930	0.940

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	302.
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	299.	299.	301.	302.	303.		-2.35	2.82	0.282		0.424	0.697	0.973	1.00	0.864	0.776
GSWP3v1	[-]	303.	303.	303.	302.	303.		1.39	2.06	0.284		0.533	0.747	0.973	0.988	0.908	0.816
WATCH	[-]	302.	302.	304.	302.	303.		0.209	1.87	0.292		0.621	0.666	0.974	0.996	0.919	0.807

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	292.
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	290.	290.	296.	292.	297.		-1.79	2.01	0.0688		0.812	0.909	0.995	1.00	0.931	0.926
GSWP3v1	[-]	293.	293.	299.	292.	297.		0.973	1.27	0.0812		0.882	0.935	0.995	0.997	0.964	0.951
WATCH	[-]	291.	291.	299.	292.	297.		-0.581	1.28	0.0437		0.918	0.899	0.997	0.995	0.938	0.941

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	279.
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	278.	278.	279.	279.	282.		-1.67	2.10	0.0391		0.859	0.907	0.997	0.998	0.941	0.935
GSWP3v1	[-]	280.	280.	281.	279.	282.		0.601	1.19	0.0353		0.928	0.928	0.998	0.999	0.959	0.956
WATCH	[-]	278.	278.	280.	279.	282.		-0.974	1.73	0.0415		0.906	0.897	0.997	0.995	0.940	0.939

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	291.
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	290.	290.	291.	291.	292.		-1.15	2.16	0.0515		0.842	0.858	0.996	0.997	0.934	0.914
GSWP3v1	[-]	292.	292.	293.	291.	292.		1.18	1.71	0.0437		0.849	0.908	0.997	0.999	0.942	0.934
WATCH	[-]	290.	290.	293.	291.	292.		-0.869	2.01	0.0507		0.852	0.870	0.996	1.00	0.947	0.922

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	304.
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	303.	303.	302.	304.	304.		-0.697	1.38	0.721		0.537	0.523	0.901	0.985	0.834	0.717
GSWP3v1	[-]	306.	306.	304.	304.	304.		1.72	2.01	0.388		0.233	0.648	0.948	1.00	0.903	0.730
WATCH	[-]	303.	303.	304.	304.	304.		-0.348	1.38	0.650		0.577	0.494	0.915	0.995	0.876	0.725

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	301.
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	301.	301.	298.	301.	297.		-0.0178	1.47	0.747		0.721	0.617	0.890	0.999	0.799	0.774
GSWP3v1	[-]	303.	303.	300.	301.	297.		1.72	1.88	0.284		0.481	0.782	0.964	0.999	0.926	0.822
WATCH	[-]	301.	301.	299.	301.	297.		-0.428	1.19	0.320		0.737	0.682	0.960	0.999	0.858	0.820

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	290.
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	290.	290.	291.	290.	289.		-0.549	2.32	0.382		0.582	0.703	0.950	0.997	0.865	0.800
GSWP3v1	[-]	292.	292.	293.	290.	289.		1.69	2.38	0.285		0.555	0.763	0.963	0.995	0.916	0.826
WATCH	[-]	291.	291.	293.	290.	289.		0.779	2.24	0.292		0.621	0.716	0.960	1.00	0.901	0.819

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Interannual variability Interannual variability score Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  creation_date: Fri Feb 8 14:12:14 PST 2019

  contact: Please contact Prof. James Randerson (Email: jranders@uci.edu) or Dr. Forrest Hoffman (forrest@climatemodeling.org) for any question

  history: 2018-01-15: download from https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/hrg/cru_ts_4.01/cruts.1709081022.v4.01/ 2019-02-06: converted and created to netCDF4 for ILAMB package

  original_resolution: 0.5x0.5

  resolution: 0.5x0.5

  original_frequency: mon

  frequency: mon

  references: Harris et al., 2014, Int. J. Climatol., doi:10.1002/joc.3711

  institution: Original Data held at British Atmospheric Data Centre, RAL, UK.

  source: Run ID = 1709081022. Data generated from:TMX derived from gridded TMP & DTR absolutes, DTR in turn derived from tmn.1708171135.dtb, tmx.1708171215.dtb

  title: CRU TS4.01 Maximum Temperature

  Conventions: CF-1.7