Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	44.1
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	51.8	51.1	64.4	44.2	12.4		7.31	18.6	1.46		0.414	0.241	0.789	0.761	0.489
GSWP3v1	[-]	45.4	45.0	52.0	44.2	12.4		1.09	14.3	1.87		0.481	0.266	0.698	0.950	0.532
WATCH	[-]	36.0	35.3	39.8	44.3	12.5		-8.74	18.0	1.90		0.252	0.266	0.677	0.939	0.480

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	57.5
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	59.0	59.1	89.7	57.5	20.8		1.68	21.6	1.33		0.533	0.362	0.846	0.970	0.615
GSWP3v1	[-]	50.8	50.9	67.0	57.5	20.8		-6.70	20.0	0.772		0.447	0.430	0.936	0.843	0.617
WATCH	[-]	38.2	38.5	63.7	57.7	20.6		-19.0	27.8	1.29		0.253	0.399	0.864	0.964	0.576

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	52.8
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	58.2	57.9	66.6	53.0	19.6		5.27	19.2	0.627		0.556	0.465	0.942	0.935	0.673
GSWP3v1	[-]	56.3	56.1	61.4	53.0	19.6		3.43	17.7	0.747		0.576	0.490	0.915	0.971	0.688
WATCH	[-]	55.7	55.8	55.1	53.0	19.5		2.84	17.0	0.667		0.601	0.499	0.935	0.896	0.686

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	18.0
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	-0.719	-0.431	-5.58	18.1	5.64		-18.8	25.0	0.610		0.465	0.552	0.949	0.525	0.609
GSWP3v1	[-]	15.6	16.0	7.19	18.1	5.64		-2.63	19.1	0.548		0.786	0.515	0.959	0.930	0.741
WATCH	[-]	7.12	7.26	5.58	18.2	5.67		-10.9	20.1	0.494		0.626	0.545	0.965	0.857	0.707

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	22.1
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	29.9	28.6	36.4	22.8	10.8		8.44	22.3	1.78		0.135	0.144	0.730	0.415	0.314
GSWP3v1	[-]	32.3	31.3	36.9	22.8	10.8		10.5	16.4	1.34		0.305	0.199	0.799	0.866	0.474
WATCH	[-]	27.4	27.1	28.8	22.8	10.8		5.04	14.1	1.78		0.351	0.159	0.725	0.938	0.466

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	27.0
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	10.9	10.9	15.3	27.1	8.81		-16.1	22.4	0.994		0.536	0.579	0.899	0.878	0.694
GSWP3v1	[-]	20.6	20.5	27.0	27.1	8.81		-6.35	15.9	0.553		0.733	0.601	0.949	0.935	0.764
WATCH	[-]	14.9	14.8	22.0	27.1	8.84		-12.1	19.6	0.584		0.605	0.571	0.955	0.959	0.732

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	28.4
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	35.2	34.7	40.6	28.4	24.4		6.23	20.7	1.05		0.669	0.468	0.871	0.920	0.679
GSWP3v1	[-]	35.5	35.2	39.6	28.4	24.4		6.80	19.3	0.795		0.664	0.515	0.920	0.937	0.710
WATCH	[-]	33.6	32.9	42.4	28.4	24.5		4.45	20.4	0.971		0.632	0.488	0.888	0.925	0.684

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	40.3
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	52.0	52.0	56.2	40.6	11.0		10.9	23.0	0.686		0.541	0.425	0.938	0.939	0.653
GSWP3v1	[-]	37.6	37.1	42.1	40.6	11.0		-3.33	20.5	0.882		0.499	0.461	0.910	0.879	0.642
WATCH	[-]	35.4	35.3	38.4	40.7	11.1		-5.58	19.0	0.855		0.532	0.467	0.918	0.903	0.657

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	15.2
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	-9.16	-8.77	-15.8	15.2	3.78		-24.2	28.4	0.787		0.376	0.568	0.942	0.203	0.531
GSWP3v1	[-]	4.37	4.77	-2.26	15.2	3.78		-10.7	22.1	0.816		0.642	0.486	0.933	0.847	0.679
WATCH	[-]	-0.608	-0.376	-3.94	15.3	3.83		-15.8	23.6	0.842		0.513	0.503	0.935	0.461	0.583

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	56.5
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	64.1	64.8	51.4	56.9	15.0		7.25	18.2	0.602		0.700	0.560	0.954	0.985	0.752
GSWP3v1	[-]	59.7	60.1	51.0	56.9	15.0		2.71	15.4	0.540		0.712	0.620	0.962	0.893	0.761
WATCH	[-]	68.6	69.3	54.0	56.8	14.9		11.6	20.1	0.569		0.624	0.563	0.959	0.971	0.736

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	20.2
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	21.2	21.0	25.6	20.4	7.08		1.11	22.2	0.696		0.680	0.472	0.917	0.581	0.624
GSWP3v1	[-]	19.6	19.2	29.0	20.4	7.08		-0.160	16.0	0.832		0.722	0.598	0.916	0.822	0.731
WATCH	[-]	14.1	13.9	19.4	20.4	7.11		-5.98	16.6	0.778		0.640	0.612	0.917	0.919	0.740

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	34.3
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	32.2	37.2	11.2	34.6	11.5		2.60	22.5	1.02		0.556	0.456	0.894	0.788	0.630
GSWP3v1	[-]	31.0	36.8	6.87	34.6	11.5		2.16	19.1	0.881		0.599	0.490	0.911	0.925	0.683
WATCH	[-]	28.3	34.3	3.41	34.7	11.5		-0.436	20.1	0.948		0.539	0.479	0.901	0.899	0.659

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	22.7
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	56.4	58.3	54.6	22.8	18.3		36.2	44.1	1.34		0.511	0.449	0.931	0.798	0.627
GSWP3v1	[-]	45.5	48.2	43.0	22.8	18.3		26.2	36.6	1.26		0.509	0.485	0.937	0.776	0.639
WATCH	[-]	35.7	37.3	34.2	22.8	18.4		15.1	32.7	1.45		0.431	0.485	0.918	0.681	0.600

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	17.0
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	-1.36	-0.796	-10.9	17.0	4.51		-18.3	25.6	1.08		0.501	0.545	0.890	0.488	0.594
GSWP3v1	[-]	9.34	9.87	0.733	17.0	4.51		-7.63	21.0	0.966		0.705	0.511	0.907	0.884	0.704
WATCH	[-]	5.43	5.71	-0.202	17.1	4.53		-11.4	22.1	1.01		0.627	0.529	0.904	0.758	0.669

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	47.7
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	54.1	53.3	62.2	48.2	15.9		5.59	24.9	0.650		0.463	0.520	0.945	0.681	0.626
GSWP3v1	[-]	50.2	49.8	55.9	48.2	15.9		1.46	21.3	0.676		0.515	0.534	0.932	0.885	0.680
WATCH	[-]	50.8	50.4	53.4	48.4	16.0		1.51	18.4	0.608		0.583	0.552	0.952	0.941	0.716

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	28.6
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	31.5	31.5	33.6	28.7	12.1		3.05	17.9	1.89		0.629	0.401	0.702	0.826	0.592
GSWP3v1	[-]	30.5	30.4	32.8	28.7	12.1		1.84	14.4	0.637		0.727	0.471	0.933	0.981	0.717
WATCH	[-]	35.1	35.2	33.8	28.7	12.1		6.65	16.5	0.707		0.620	0.472	0.928	0.911	0.680

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	26.7
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	17.4	17.4	17.9	26.9	8.98		-9.57	19.3	1.01		0.660	0.603	0.892	0.951	0.742
GSWP3v1	[-]	24.9	24.9	24.5	26.9	8.98		-1.95	16.2	0.693		0.785	0.593	0.937	0.969	0.775
WATCH	[-]	24.8	24.9	23.2	26.9	8.98		-1.95	16.0	0.671		0.766	0.619	0.944	0.957	0.781

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	49.7
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	37.7	37.8	60.2	49.8	11.0		-11.9	19.2	0.577		0.636	0.657	0.950	0.918	0.764
GSWP3v1	[-]	44.9	44.6	66.6	49.8	11.0		-5.13	17.0	0.824		0.726	0.646	0.923	0.891	0.766
WATCH	[-]	44.2	44.1	69.2	49.7	10.9		-5.44	16.5	0.653		0.731	0.675	0.942	0.906	0.786

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	30.2
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	36.5	36.4	50.4	30.3	13.0		6.57	16.1	1.45		0.329	0.191	0.813	0.701	0.445
GSWP3v1	[-]	30.7	30.7	45.7	30.3	13.0		0.943	12.6	1.42		0.427	0.277	0.810	0.701	0.498
WATCH	[-]	35.8	35.9	31.6	30.3	12.9		5.52	14.6	1.34		0.348	0.229	0.815	0.754	0.475

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	40.3
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	46.8	47.0	43.6	40.4	9.36		6.69	16.7	0.967		0.515	0.422	0.905	0.778	0.608
GSWP3v1	[-]	42.8	43.1	40.0	40.4	9.36		2.70	14.4	0.875		0.607	0.430	0.911	0.875	0.651
WATCH	[-]	40.3	40.7	38.4	40.3	9.38		0.367	14.8	1.04		0.574	0.430	0.879	0.877	0.638

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	41.5
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	56.9	56.4	61.4	42.0	6.56		13.2	26.8	0.781		0.610	0.549	0.930	0.938	0.715
GSWP3v1	[-]	62.7	62.0	68.8	42.0	6.56		18.5	33.8	0.746		0.500	0.512	0.939	0.830	0.659
WATCH	[-]	65.6	65.2	70.6	42.0	6.58		22.0	30.9	0.588		0.541	0.531	0.946	0.935	0.697

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  creation_date: Tue Jul 28 15:54:11 PDT 2015

  Conventions: Please contact Prof. James Randerson (Email: jranders@uci.edu) or Dr. Mingquan Mu (mmu@uci.edu) for any question

  source_file: This product is generated from monthly Global Biosphere Amtospher Flux (GBAF) observations

  title: derived GBAF in 0.5x0.5

  Approach: I read this variable from data file, and then save the data in NetCDF format by each month and each year. Meanwhile, I also converted the unit from MJoule*m-2*d-1 to Watt/m2.

  Temporal resolution: monthly

  General information: This product was derived from Monthly estimates of global biosphere-atmosphere fluxes from Biogeochemistry group at Max Planck Institute in Jena, Germany.

  Spatial resolution: 0.5x0.5 degree

  Derived data code: http://redwood.ess.uci.edu/mingquan/www/ILAMB/Download/CODES/CODES/subroutines/convert/convert-sh-GBAF.ncl