Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.30
CLM4	[-]	0.262	0.269	0.00294	1.30	0.000524		-0.649	1.39	2.62		0.0364	-0.0187	0.585	0.113	0.140
CLM4.5	[-]	0.274	0.279	0.00471	1.30	0.000524		-0.642	1.15	3.12		0.0385	0.0787	0.418	0.0974	0.142
CLM5	[-]	0.320	0.337	0.00465	1.30	0.000524		-0.607	0.996	2.73		0.0544	0.174	0.583	0.121	0.221

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.184
CLM4	[-]	0.137	0.128	0.000342	0.184	0.000637		-0.0224	0.940	1.20		0.918	-0.469	0.478	0.0345	0.0985
CLM4.5	[-]	0.215	0.204	0.000328	0.184	0.000637		0.00865	0.815	1.60		1.01	0.480	0.0164	0.0242	0.403
CLM5	[-]	0.370	0.346	0.000862	0.184	0.000637		0.0653	0.825	2.37		1.31	0.533	-0.0224	0.115	0.494

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.55
CLM4	[-]	0.235	0.228	0.00480	2.55	0.00428		-0.704	1.13	2.60		0.134	0.206	0.372	0.0183	0.187
CLM4.5	[-]	0.262	0.255	0.00617	2.55	0.00428		-0.695	1.15	2.80		0.139	0.225	0.302	0.0123	0.181
CLM5	[-]	0.650	0.638	0.0118	2.55	0.00428		-0.577	0.989	2.45		0.180	0.297	0.479	0.105	0.272

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.0114
CLM4	[-]	0.00548	0.00543	0.000199	0.0112	0.000146		-0.00479	0.352	1.23		1.93	0.675	2.39	0.00966	1.14
CLM4.5	[-]	0.0140	0.0137	0.000343	0.0112	0.000146		0.00270	0.440	0.412		2.06	1.33	1.24	0.0411	1.20
CLM5	[-]	0.0451	0.0450	0.000508	0.0112	0.000146		0.0306	0.775	0.429		2.51	0.536	1.48	0.386	1.09

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.09
CLM4	[-]	0.170	0.147	0.0227	1.06	0.0305		-0.847	1.18	2.49		0.0324	0.148	0.618	0.298	0.249
CLM4.5	[-]	0.284	0.247	0.0364	1.06	0.0305		-0.725	1.00	2.35		0.0451	0.187	0.645	0.247	0.262
CLM5	[-]	0.298	0.258	0.0394	1.06	0.0305		-0.711	0.901	2.14		0.0504	0.181	0.689	0.208	0.262

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.881
CLM4	[-]	0.313	0.306	0.00173	0.880	0.000520		-0.175	0.789	0.462		0.766	0.454	0.961	0.338	0.595
CLM4.5	[-]	0.315	0.305	0.00184	0.880	0.000520		-0.176	0.751	0.362		0.766	0.506	0.976	0.390	0.629
CLM5	[-]	0.623	0.604	0.00255	0.880	0.000520		-0.0837	0.876	0.433		0.820	0.441	0.974	0.646	0.664

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.44
CLM4	[-]	0.335	0.333	0.00979	1.44	-0.00125		-0.169	0.697	1.59		0.589	0.356	0.920	0.105	0.465
CLM4.5	[-]	0.493	0.492	0.0111	1.44	-0.00125		-0.144	0.641	1.62		0.621	0.433	0.884	0.152	0.505
CLM5	[-]	1.01	1.01	0.0184	1.44	-0.00125		-0.0624	0.695	1.84		0.724	0.488	0.941	0.362	0.601

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.10
CLM4	[-]	0.360	0.341	0.0135	1.09	0.00674		-0.290	1.21	2.18		0.244	0.0464	0.523	0.202	0.212
CLM4.5	[-]	0.307	0.288	0.0126	1.09	0.00674		-0.313	1.09	2.49		0.229	0.116	0.469	0.189	0.224
CLM5	[-]	0.569	0.543	0.0212	1.09	0.00674		-0.205	1.00	3.20		0.295	0.231	0.527	0.182	0.293

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.0283
CLM4	[-]	0.00779	0.00852	9.51e-05	-0.0281	-0.000156		0.0273	0.358	1.27		-0.112	0.249	-0.0621	0.0201	0.0688
CLM4.5	[-]	0.0122	0.0127	0.000352	-0.0281	-0.000156		0.0308	0.520	0.545		-0.152	-0.224	0.781	0.0431	0.0449
CLM5	[-]	0.0312	0.0325	0.000333	-0.0281	-0.000156		0.0468	0.975	0.303		-0.251	-0.234	0.945	0.322	0.109

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.545
CLM4	[-]	0.0986	0.0844	0.0136	-0.550	0.00575		0.222	0.588	1.24		-0.140	0.273	0.788	0.0338	0.246
CLM4.5	[-]	0.139	0.126	0.0132	-0.550	0.00575		0.235	0.661	1.33		-0.152	0.0405	0.702	0.0340	0.133
CLM5	[-]	0.190	0.171	0.0185	-0.550	0.00575		0.254	0.643	1.85		-0.188	0.0777	0.527	0.0725	0.113

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.00
CLM4	[-]	0.117	0.111	0.00475	0.994	0.00608		-0.440	1.02	0.520		0.616	0.456	0.972	0.0813	0.516
CLM4.5	[-]	0.188	0.179	0.00638	0.994	0.00608		-0.403	1.00	0.401		0.637	0.500	0.969	0.113	0.544
CLM5	[-]	0.560	0.540	0.0156	0.994	0.00608		-0.204	1.18	0.296		0.766	0.456	0.982	0.561	0.644

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	17.1
CLM4	[-]	3.58	3.47	0.110	17.0	0.111		-0.290	0.864	1.60		0.294	0.207	0.656	0.0904	0.291
CLM4.5	[-]	4.27	4.13	0.139	17.0	0.111		-0.274	0.838	1.61		0.303	0.272	0.613	0.0944	0.311
CLM5	[-]	7.35	7.15	0.201	17.0	0.111		-0.206	0.854	1.69		0.353	0.333	0.718	0.195	0.386

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.413
CLM4	[-]	0.0264	0.0247	0.00146	-0.410	-0.00273		0.144	0.274	1.70		-0.00273	0.305	0.713	0.0129	0.266
CLM4.5	[-]	0.0380	0.0362	0.00196	-0.410	-0.00273		0.148	0.290	1.44		-0.0117	0.232	0.768	0.0305	0.250
CLM5	[-]	0.114	0.108	0.00638	-0.410	-0.00273		0.174	0.408	2.56		-0.0507	0.0498	0.592	0.129	0.154

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.223
CLM4	[-]	0.0265	0.0261	0.000302	-0.223	-0.000381		0.105	0.344	1.15		0.0385	0.282	0.697	0.0178	0.263
CLM4.5	[-]	0.0386	0.0377	0.000589	-0.223	-0.000381		0.110	0.478	0.907		0.0334	0.223	0.788	0.0421	0.262
CLM5	[-]	0.0560	0.0559	0.000798	-0.223	-0.000381		0.118	0.718	0.805		0.0278	0.205	0.827	0.169	0.287

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.603
CLM4	[-]	0.0635	0.0552	0.00661	0.600	0.00308		-0.515	0.994	2.83		0.133	0.163	0.500	0.0427	0.201
CLM4.5	[-]	0.110	0.0975	0.0106	0.600	0.00308		-0.466	1.11	2.93		0.153	0.122	0.429	0.0854	0.182
CLM5	[-]	0.207	0.188	0.0158	0.600	0.00308		-0.368	0.815	2.22		0.211	0.259	0.664	0.182	0.315

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.18
CLM4	[-]	0.219	0.213	0.00461	1.18	0.000875		-0.664	1.51	0.821		0.540	0.363	0.925	0.238	0.486
CLM4.5	[-]	0.233	0.226	0.00432	1.18	0.000875		-0.655	1.35	0.784		0.543	0.421	0.930	0.200	0.503
CLM5	[-]	0.497	0.481	0.00651	1.18	0.000875		-0.478	1.20	0.602		0.594	0.518	0.955	0.285	0.574

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.411
CLM4	[-]	0.146	0.145	0.00171	0.406	0.00483		-0.134	0.862	0.745		0.683	0.435	0.946	0.195	0.539
CLM4.5	[-]	0.173	0.172	0.00160	0.406	0.00483		-0.120	0.859	0.499		0.689	0.442	0.962	0.181	0.543
CLM5	[-]	0.339	0.337	0.00199	0.406	0.00483		-0.0331	0.999	0.560		0.693	0.380	0.954	0.621	0.605

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.179
CLM4	[-]	0.0780	0.0783	0.000852	0.178	0.00105		-0.0638	0.510	0.967		0.776	0.570	1.06	0.0793	0.612
CLM4.5	[-]	0.0875	0.0893	0.000830	0.178	0.00105		-0.0567	0.525	0.960		0.801	0.659	1.08	0.119	0.662
CLM5	[-]	0.135	0.144	0.000853	0.178	0.00105		-0.0190	0.617	1.10		0.855	0.519	1.23	0.220	0.669

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.99
CLM4	[-]	0.757	0.752	0.00277	3.99	0.00401		-1.05	1.36	2.66		0.0265	0.136	0.574	0.535	0.282
CLM4.5	[-]	0.788	0.781	0.00373	3.99	0.00401		-1.04	1.32	2.55		0.0273	0.160	0.587	0.287	0.244
CLM5	[-]	0.778	0.771	0.00385	3.99	0.00401		-1.04	1.16	2.47		0.0279	0.206	0.612	0.331	0.276

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.26
CLM4	[-]	0.178	0.178	0.00351	2.26	0.000612		-0.875	1.49	2.14		0.267	0.221	0.672	0.113	0.299
CLM4.5	[-]	0.248	0.247	0.00501	2.26	0.000612		-0.846	1.35	2.53		0.279	0.255	0.591	0.130	0.302
CLM5	[-]	0.448	0.448	0.00709	2.26	0.000612		-0.761	1.10	1.49		0.317	0.357	0.796	0.294	0.424

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.0847
CLM4	[-]	0.0387	0.0364	0.00143	0.0819	0.00275		-0.0373	0.484	1.76		0.766	0.314	0.885	0.0569	0.467
CLM4.5	[-]	0.0411	0.0390	0.00146	0.0819	0.00275		-0.0358	0.512	1.99		0.767	0.446	0.907	0.0513	0.523
CLM5	[-]	0.0955	0.0885	0.00257	0.0819	0.00275		0.0125	0.574	1.74		0.951	0.582	1.14	0.163	0.684

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  creation_date: Thu Jul 30 15:10:46 PDT 2015

  Conventions: Please contact Prof. James Randerson (Email: jranders@uci.edu) or Dr. Mingquan Mu (mmu@uci.edu) for any question

  source_file: This product is generated from monthly Global Biosphere Amtospher Flux (GBAF) observations

  title: derived GBAF in 0.5x0.5

  Approach: I read this variable from data file, and then save the data in NetCDF format by each month and each year. Meanwhile, I also converted the unit from gC/m2/day to KgC/m2/day.

  Temporal resolution: monthly

  General information: This product was derived from Monthly estimates of global biosphere-atmosphere fluxes from Biogeochemistry group at Max Planck Institute in Jena, Germany.

  Spatial resolution: 0.5x0.5 degree

  Derived data code: http://redwood.ess.uci.edu/mingquan/www/ILAMB/Download/CODES/CODES/subroutines/convert/convert-nee-GBAF.ncl