Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	304.
CLM4	[-]	303.	303.	303.	304.	304.		-0.340	1.41	0.720		0.614	0.506	0.898	0.992	0.758	0.712
CLM4.5	[-]	303.	303.	304.	304.	304.		-0.264	1.34	0.684		0.644	0.517	0.906	0.997	0.765	0.724
CLM5	[-]	303.	303.	304.	304.	304.		-0.242	1.35	0.659		0.644	0.514	0.909	0.996	0.759	0.723

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	307.
CLM4	[-]	307.	307.	305.	307.	305.		0.335	1.92	0.237		0.732	0.572	0.982	0.994	0.690	0.757
CLM4.5	[-]	307.	307.	305.	307.	305.		0.274	1.89	0.220		0.733	0.579	0.983	0.995	0.696	0.761
CLM5	[-]	307.	307.	305.	307.	305.		0.336	1.88	0.219		0.734	0.580	0.983	0.995	0.698	0.762

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	301.
CLM4	[-]	302.	302.	299.	301.	302.		0.669	1.90	0.680		0.606	0.570	0.914	0.997	0.860	0.753
CLM4.5	[-]	302.	302.	299.	301.	302.		0.625	1.84	0.655		0.612	0.580	0.918	0.998	0.861	0.758
CLM5	[-]	302.	302.	300.	301.	302.		0.673	1.84	0.633		0.608	0.587	0.922	0.998	0.861	0.760

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	266.
CLM4	[-]	262.	262.	265.	266.	269.		-3.44	4.30	0.0590		0.809	0.857	0.996	0.978	0.876	0.895
CLM4.5	[-]	262.	262.	265.	266.	269.		-3.10	3.97	0.0469		0.826	0.863	0.997	0.976	0.871	0.899
CLM5	[-]	263.	263.	266.	266.	269.		-2.12	2.84	0.0467		0.873	0.898	0.997	0.991	0.879	0.923

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	304.
CLM4	[-]	301.	301.	301.	304.	303.		-2.64	2.72	1.54		0.0782	0.485	0.760	0.874	0.757	0.573
CLM4.5	[-]	301.	301.	302.	304.	303.		-2.42	2.51	1.57		0.101	0.481	0.753	0.884	0.763	0.577
CLM5	[-]	301.	301.	301.	304.	303.		-2.47	2.55	1.46		0.0953	0.477	0.773	0.878	0.765	0.578

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	276.
CLM4	[-]	274.	274.	276.	276.	278.		-2.11	2.72	0.00659		0.868	0.897	1.00	0.986	0.964	0.935
CLM4.5	[-]	274.	274.	276.	276.	278.		-2.34	2.91	0.00705		0.857	0.896	1.00	0.973	0.966	0.931
CLM5	[-]	274.	274.	276.	276.	278.		-1.78	2.21	0.00705		0.887	0.922	1.00	0.993	0.967	0.949

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	286.
CLM4	[-]	285.	285.	290.	286.	289.		-0.390	2.03	0.0882		0.867	0.883	0.993	0.992	0.931	0.925
CLM4.5	[-]	285.	285.	290.	286.	289.		-0.486	2.08	0.0875		0.864	0.881	0.993	0.992	0.934	0.924
CLM5	[-]	285.	285.	290.	286.	289.		-0.391	1.96	0.0896		0.869	0.888	0.993	0.993	0.937	0.928

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	302.
CLM4	[-]	302.	302.	302.	302.	304.		-0.259	1.77	0.260		0.693	0.734	0.974	0.998	0.818	0.825
CLM4.5	[-]	302.	302.	303.	302.	304.		-0.228	1.74	0.253		0.697	0.738	0.974	0.999	0.823	0.828
CLM5	[-]	302.	302.	303.	302.	304.		-0.220	1.71	0.251		0.698	0.745	0.976	0.999	0.831	0.832

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	268.
CLM4	[-]	264.	264.	265.	268.	268.		-3.84	4.73	0.0271		0.781	0.838	0.998	0.981	0.912	0.892
CLM4.5	[-]	264.	264.	264.	268.	268.		-3.69	4.51	0.0973		0.789	0.847	0.993	0.982	0.909	0.894
CLM5	[-]	265.	265.	266.	268.	268.		-2.30	2.90	0.0405		0.862	0.895	0.997	0.994	0.910	0.926

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	301.
CLM4	[-]	302.	302.	296.	301.	299.		0.237	1.79	0.155		0.741	0.823	0.989	0.982	0.869	0.871
CLM4.5	[-]	302.	302.	296.	301.	299.		0.207	1.76	0.150		0.744	0.824	0.989	0.984	0.874	0.873
CLM5	[-]	302.	302.	296.	301.	299.		0.241	1.78	0.146		0.741	0.824	0.989	0.983	0.879	0.873

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	286.
CLM4	[-]	284.	284.	286.	286.	289.		-1.35	2.04	0.272		0.809	0.870	0.982	0.977	0.914	0.904
CLM4.5	[-]	284.	284.	286.	286.	289.		-1.31	2.01	0.265		0.812	0.870	0.982	0.986	0.918	0.906
CLM5	[-]	284.	284.	286.	286.	289.		-1.14	1.77	0.276		0.825	0.889	0.981	0.995	0.924	0.917

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	292.
CLM4	[-]	286.	291.	246.	292.	295.		-0.805	2.39	0.288		0.717	0.756	0.965	0.987	0.861	0.841
CLM4.5	[-]	286.	291.	247.	292.	295.		-0.821	2.36	0.285		0.725	0.758	0.966	0.987	0.864	0.843
CLM5	[-]	287.	292.	247.	292.	295.		-0.595	2.12	0.279		0.735	0.769	0.967	0.993	0.866	0.850

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	303.
CLM4	[-]	304.	304.	301.	303.	303.		1.53	2.40	0.204		0.741	0.820	0.983	0.986	0.817	0.861
CLM4.5	[-]	304.	304.	301.	303.	303.		1.44	2.32	0.202		0.750	0.822	0.983	0.988	0.822	0.865
CLM5	[-]	304.	304.	301.	303.	303.		1.50	2.34	0.202		0.746	0.823	0.983	0.988	0.826	0.865

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	268.
CLM4	[-]	266.	266.	262.	268.	270.		-2.71	3.85	0.0300		0.814	0.821	0.998	0.992	0.888	0.889
CLM4.5	[-]	266.	266.	262.	268.	270.		-2.69	3.77	0.0384		0.814	0.825	0.997	0.993	0.884	0.890
CLM5	[-]	267.	267.	264.	268.	270.		-1.71	2.54	0.0217		0.874	0.876	0.999	0.999	0.890	0.919

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	302.
CLM4	[-]	299.	299.	301.	302.	303.		-2.39	2.85	0.282		0.420	0.698	0.974	1.00	0.868	0.776
CLM4.5	[-]	299.	299.	301.	302.	303.		-2.37	2.83	0.276		0.422	0.699	0.974	1.00	0.867	0.777
CLM5	[-]	299.	299.	301.	302.	303.		-2.35	2.82	0.282		0.424	0.697	0.973	1.00	0.864	0.776

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	292.
CLM4	[-]	290.	290.	296.	292.	297.		-1.81	2.03	0.0839		0.810	0.908	0.994	1.00	0.936	0.926
CLM4.5	[-]	290.	290.	296.	292.	297.		-1.90	2.13	0.0673		0.803	0.903	0.995	1.00	0.935	0.923
CLM5	[-]	290.	290.	296.	292.	297.		-1.79	2.01	0.0688		0.812	0.909	0.995	1.00	0.931	0.926

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	279.
CLM4	[-]	277.	277.	279.	279.	282.		-1.87	2.39	0.0401		0.847	0.890	0.997	0.991	0.942	0.926
CLM4.5	[-]	277.	277.	279.	279.	282.		-1.96	2.45	0.0359		0.840	0.891	0.998	0.991	0.939	0.925
CLM5	[-]	278.	278.	279.	279.	282.		-1.67	2.10	0.0391		0.859	0.907	0.997	0.998	0.941	0.935

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	291.
CLM4	[-]	289.	290.	291.	291.	292.		-1.21	2.25	0.0518		0.837	0.852	0.996	0.996	0.931	0.911
CLM4.5	[-]	289.	289.	291.	291.	292.		-1.34	2.37	0.0514		0.830	0.847	0.996	0.994	0.934	0.908
CLM5	[-]	290.	290.	291.	291.	292.		-1.15	2.16	0.0515		0.842	0.858	0.996	0.997	0.934	0.914

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	304.
CLM4	[-]	303.	303.	302.	304.	304.		-0.885	1.46	0.688		0.476	0.531	0.904	0.986	0.835	0.711
CLM4.5	[-]	303.	303.	302.	304.	304.		-0.652	1.34	0.718		0.562	0.528	0.901	0.985	0.839	0.724
CLM5	[-]	303.	303.	302.	304.	304.		-0.697	1.38	0.721		0.537	0.523	0.901	0.985	0.834	0.717

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	301.
CLM4	[-]	301.	301.	298.	301.	297.		-0.0691	1.51	0.764		0.719	0.606	0.887	0.999	0.790	0.768
CLM4.5	[-]	301.	301.	298.	301.	297.		-0.0687	1.46	0.745		0.723	0.615	0.890	1.00	0.798	0.773
CLM5	[-]	301.	301.	298.	301.	297.		-0.0178	1.47	0.747		0.721	0.617	0.890	0.999	0.799	0.774

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	290.
CLM4	[-]	290.	290.	291.	290.	289.		-0.581	2.35	0.384		0.580	0.698	0.951	0.996	0.859	0.797
CLM4.5	[-]	290.	290.	291.	290.	289.		-0.651	2.39	0.387		0.576	0.695	0.951	0.995	0.860	0.795
CLM5	[-]	290.	290.	291.	290.	289.		-0.549	2.32	0.382		0.582	0.703	0.950	0.997	0.865	0.800

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Interannual variability Interannual variability score Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  creation_date: Fri Feb 8 14:12:14 PST 2019

  contact: Please contact Prof. James Randerson (Email: jranders@uci.edu) or Dr. Forrest Hoffman (forrest@climatemodeling.org) for any question

  history: 2018-01-15: download from https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/hrg/cru_ts_4.01/cruts.1709081022.v4.01/ 2019-02-06: converted and created to netCDF4 for ILAMB package

  original_resolution: 0.5x0.5

  resolution: 0.5x0.5

  original_frequency: mon

  frequency: mon

  references: Harris et al., 2014, Int. J. Climatol., doi:10.1002/joc.3711

  institution: Original Data held at British Atmospheric Data Centre, RAL, UK.

  source: Run ID = 1709081022. Data generated from:TMX derived from gridded TMP & DTR absolutes, DTR in turn derived from tmn.1708171135.dtb, tmx.1708171215.dtb

  title: CRU TS4.01 Maximum Temperature

  Conventions: CF-1.7