Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	44.1
CLM4	[-]	44.9	44.2	57.8	44.2	12.4		0.430	24.4	1.42		0.333	0.154	0.789	0.694	0.425
CLM4.5	[-]	52.4	51.5	63.6	44.2	12.4		7.70	18.2	1.48		0.423	0.221	0.777	0.830	0.495
CLM5	[-]	51.8	51.1	64.4	44.2	12.4		7.31	18.6	1.46		0.414	0.241	0.789	0.761	0.489

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	57.5
CLM4	[-]	55.9	56.0	84.3	57.5	20.8		-1.35	20.8	0.916		0.527	0.380	0.899	0.959	0.629
CLM4.5	[-]	56.8	57.0	89.4	57.5	20.8		-0.402	20.4	1.05		0.545	0.377	0.884	0.968	0.630
CLM5	[-]	59.0	59.1	89.7	57.5	20.8		1.68	21.6	1.33		0.533	0.362	0.846	0.970	0.615

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	52.8
CLM4	[-]	56.0	55.8	62.2	53.0	19.6		3.12	19.8	0.619		0.581	0.414	0.943	0.947	0.660
CLM4.5	[-]	56.7	56.5	64.3	53.0	19.6		3.86	18.4	0.632		0.607	0.445	0.942	0.969	0.681
CLM5	[-]	58.2	57.9	66.6	53.0	19.6		5.27	19.2	0.627		0.556	0.465	0.942	0.935	0.673

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	18.0
CLM4	[-]	3.35	3.62	-0.834	18.1	5.64		-14.7	25.0	0.781		0.545	0.464	0.940	0.798	0.642
CLM4.5	[-]	3.40	3.67	-1.25	18.1	5.64		-14.8	23.0	0.691		0.545	0.509	0.950	0.797	0.662
CLM5	[-]	-0.719	-0.431	-5.58	18.1	5.64		-18.8	25.0	0.610		0.465	0.552	0.949	0.525	0.609

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	22.1
CLM4	[-]	20.7	19.1	28.6	22.8	10.8		-0.765	19.8	1.56		0.236	0.135	0.775	0.457	0.347
CLM4.5	[-]	40.4	39.5	44.6	22.8	10.8		18.5	25.5	1.41		0.126	0.120	0.804	0.661	0.366
CLM5	[-]	29.9	28.6	36.4	22.8	10.8		8.44	22.3	1.78		0.135	0.144	0.730	0.415	0.314

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	27.0
CLM4	[-]	21.8	21.9	17.1	27.1	8.81		-5.09	16.9	0.497		0.759	0.571	0.962	0.970	0.767
CLM4.5	[-]	17.0	17.1	18.0	27.1	8.81		-9.91	19.0	0.982		0.652	0.570	0.904	0.947	0.729
CLM5	[-]	10.9	10.9	15.3	27.1	8.81		-16.1	22.4	0.994		0.536	0.579	0.899	0.878	0.694

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	28.4
CLM4	[-]	36.3	36.0	39.4	28.4	24.4		7.48	20.3	0.981		0.665	0.467	0.882	0.907	0.678
CLM4.5	[-]	35.0	34.5	40.5	28.4	24.4		5.98	21.0	1.01		0.662	0.450	0.878	0.903	0.669
CLM5	[-]	35.2	34.7	40.6	28.4	24.4		6.23	20.7	1.05		0.669	0.468	0.871	0.920	0.679

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	40.3
CLM4	[-]	48.8	48.8	51.1	40.6	11.0		7.34	23.6	0.524		0.555	0.382	0.960	0.898	0.635
CLM4.5	[-]	53.3	53.3	56.9	40.6	11.0		12.1	24.2	0.528		0.523	0.396	0.957	0.954	0.645
CLM5	[-]	52.0	52.0	56.2	40.6	11.0		10.9	23.0	0.686		0.541	0.425	0.938	0.939	0.653

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	15.2
CLM4	[-]	0.805	1.30	-7.30	15.2	3.78		-14.2	24.5	0.934		0.568	0.464	0.930	0.673	0.620
CLM4.5	[-]	-2.17	-1.72	-9.51	15.2	3.78		-17.2	24.2	1.01		0.499	0.517	0.913	0.462	0.582
CLM5	[-]	-9.16	-8.77	-15.8	15.2	3.78		-24.2	28.4	0.787		0.376	0.568	0.942	0.203	0.531

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	56.5
CLM4	[-]	63.6	64.2	51.3	56.9	15.0		6.74	19.7	0.712		0.708	0.498	0.940	0.970	0.723
CLM4.5	[-]	63.9	64.3	54.1	56.9	15.0		7.00	20.4	0.717		0.706	0.488	0.939	0.945	0.713
CLM5	[-]	64.1	64.8	51.4	56.9	15.0		7.25	18.2	0.602		0.700	0.560	0.954	0.985	0.752

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	20.2
CLM4	[-]	27.3	27.2	29.5	20.4	7.08		7.03	21.4	0.578		0.665	0.481	0.935	0.740	0.661
CLM4.5	[-]	26.5	26.4	29.4	20.4	7.08		6.26	21.8	0.506		0.667	0.472	0.942	0.703	0.651
CLM5	[-]	21.2	21.0	25.6	20.4	7.08		1.11	22.2	0.696		0.680	0.472	0.917	0.581	0.624

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	34.3
CLM4	[-]	33.0	38.0	12.6	34.6	11.5		3.29	21.9	0.886		0.586	0.429	0.909	0.874	0.645
CLM4.5	[-]	34.3	39.3	13.9	34.6	11.5		4.63	22.3	0.954		0.574	0.434	0.901	0.856	0.640
CLM5	[-]	32.2	37.2	11.2	34.6	11.5		2.60	22.5	1.02		0.556	0.456	0.894	0.788	0.630

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	22.7
CLM4	[-]	55.9	56.9	55.0	22.8	18.3		34.8	43.4	1.16		0.499	0.457	0.947	0.789	0.630
CLM4.5	[-]	56.4	57.5	55.3	22.8	18.3		35.5	44.2	1.12		0.496	0.444	0.953	0.794	0.626
CLM5	[-]	56.4	58.3	54.6	22.8	18.3		36.2	44.1	1.34		0.511	0.449	0.931	0.798	0.627

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	17.0
CLM4	[-]	6.67	7.42	-5.67	17.0	4.51		-10.3	21.2	0.638		0.679	0.531	0.959	0.751	0.690
CLM4.5	[-]	4.51	5.11	-5.87	17.0	4.51		-12.4	21.4	0.814		0.624	0.550	0.932	0.708	0.673
CLM5	[-]	-1.36	-0.796	-10.9	17.0	4.51		-18.3	25.6	1.08		0.501	0.545	0.890	0.488	0.594

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	47.7
CLM4	[-]	53.2	52.6	59.9	48.2	15.9		4.69	25.1	0.534		0.461	0.501	0.960	0.689	0.622
CLM4.5	[-]	54.0	53.2	62.3	48.2	15.9		5.51	26.8	0.493		0.449	0.481	0.962	0.669	0.608
CLM5	[-]	54.1	53.3	62.2	48.2	15.9		5.59	24.9	0.650		0.463	0.520	0.945	0.681	0.626

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	28.6
CLM4	[-]	32.1	32.3	28.0	28.7	12.1		3.73	15.8	1.42		0.694	0.427	0.789	0.916	0.650
CLM4.5	[-]	31.3	31.4	31.4	28.7	12.1		2.84	17.6	2.19		0.678	0.376	0.666	0.928	0.605
CLM5	[-]	31.5	31.5	33.6	28.7	12.1		3.05	17.9	1.89		0.629	0.401	0.702	0.826	0.592

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	26.7
CLM4	[-]	29.9	30.2	17.3	26.9	8.98		2.89	17.1	0.511		0.773	0.582	0.958	0.925	0.764
CLM4.5	[-]	25.3	25.4	20.2	26.9	8.98		-1.72	15.4	0.686		0.784	0.627	0.939	0.974	0.790
CLM5	[-]	17.4	17.4	17.9	26.9	8.98		-9.57	19.3	1.01		0.660	0.603	0.892	0.951	0.742

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	49.7
CLM4	[-]	38.9	38.9	60.0	49.8	11.0		-10.8	19.0	0.577		0.641	0.657	0.955	0.890	0.760
CLM4.5	[-]	37.0	37.0	64.1	49.8	11.0		-12.7	21.3	0.587		0.595	0.638	0.955	0.933	0.752
CLM5	[-]	37.7	37.8	60.2	49.8	11.0		-11.9	19.2	0.577		0.636	0.657	0.950	0.918	0.764

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	30.2
CLM4	[-]	26.9	26.7	48.0	30.3	13.0		-2.93	17.7	1.52		0.378	0.165	0.801	0.484	0.399
CLM4.5	[-]	44.3	44.3	53.8	30.3	13.0		14.3	20.5	1.33		0.240	0.175	0.834	0.834	0.452
CLM5	[-]	36.5	36.4	50.4	30.3	13.0		6.57	16.1	1.45		0.329	0.191	0.813	0.701	0.445

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	40.3
CLM4	[-]	43.7	43.8	44.0	40.4	9.36		3.57	17.7	1.12		0.545	0.357	0.883	0.799	0.588
CLM4.5	[-]	46.4	46.5	45.9	40.4	9.36		6.26	16.7	1.15		0.579	0.374	0.877	0.893	0.619
CLM5	[-]	46.8	47.0	43.6	40.4	9.36		6.69	16.7	0.967		0.515	0.422	0.905	0.778	0.608

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	41.5
CLM4	[-]	57.4	56.9	61.6	42.0	6.56		13.7	28.1	0.839		0.607	0.501	0.908	0.936	0.691
CLM4.5	[-]	56.1	55.7	61.5	42.0	6.56		12.9	27.8	0.823		0.609	0.508	0.910	0.934	0.694
CLM5	[-]	56.9	56.4	61.4	42.0	6.56		13.2	26.8	0.781		0.610	0.549	0.930	0.938	0.715

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  creation_date: Tue Jul 28 15:54:11 PDT 2015

  Conventions: Please contact Prof. James Randerson (Email: jranders@uci.edu) or Dr. Mingquan Mu (mmu@uci.edu) for any question

  source_file: This product is generated from monthly Global Biosphere Amtospher Flux (GBAF) observations

  title: derived GBAF in 0.5x0.5

  Approach: I read this variable from data file, and then save the data in NetCDF format by each month and each year. Meanwhile, I also converted the unit from MJoule*m-2*d-1 to Watt/m2.

  Temporal resolution: monthly

  General information: This product was derived from Monthly estimates of global biosphere-atmosphere fluxes from Biogeochemistry group at Max Planck Institute in Jena, Germany.

  Spatial resolution: 0.5x0.5 degree

  Derived data code: http://redwood.ess.uci.edu/mingquan/www/ILAMB/Download/CODES/CODES/subroutines/convert/convert-sh-GBAF.ncl