Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	77.9
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	72.2	72.1	0.00	77.8	80.3		-5.35	9.88	1.69		0.33	0.45	0.76	0.89	0.59	0.58
GSWP3v1	[-]	68.8	69.0	0.00	77.8	80.3		-8.18	14.1	1.93		0.34	0.23	0.72	1.0	0.49	0.50
WFDEI	[-]	79.7	79.8	0.00	77.8	80.3		1.91	6.29	1.01		0.67	0.45	0.86	1.0	0.81	0.71

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	53.6
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	51.1	50.6	0.00	53.2	77.5		-2.43	10.3	0.252		0.73	0.65	0.96	0.94	0.55	0.75
GSWP3v1	[-]	51.4	50.8	0.00	53.2	77.5		-2.18	11.8	0.546		0.74	0.59	0.93	0.97	0.84	0.78
WFDEI	[-]	56.7	56.1	0.00	53.2	77.5		2.83	9.37	0.337		0.80	0.64	0.95	1.0	0.87	0.82

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	64.2
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	61.3	61.2	0.00	63.5	77.8		-0.992	9.54	0.948		0.63	0.51	0.87	0.94	0.54	0.67
GSWP3v1	[-]	61.4	61.4	0.00	63.5	77.8		-0.864	11.3	1.13		0.60	0.44	0.84	0.97	0.76	0.67
WFDEI	[-]	61.3	61.2	0.00	63.5	77.8		-1.44	7.91	0.681		0.73	0.52	0.91	1.0	0.84	0.75

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	77.6
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	74.5	74.4	0.00	77.1	83.4		-0.533	17.6	3.20		0.28	0.092	0.45	0.42	0.24	0.26
GSWP3v1	[-]	88.5	88.4	0.00	77.1	83.4		11.6	17.8	4.53		0.11	0.076	0.21	0.75	0.56	0.30
WFDEI	[-]	88.1	88.1	0.00	77.1	83.4		10.9	13.2	2.93		0.15	0.24	0.53	0.87	0.78	0.47

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	84.2
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	83.1	83.1	0.00	85.0	81.2		-1.77	5.23	1.99		0.45	0.40	0.69	0.90	0.57	0.57
GSWP3v1	[-]	85.4	85.5	0.00	85.0	81.2		-0.483	5.21	1.54		0.59	0.24	0.78	1.0	0.52	0.56
WFDEI	[-]	88.4	88.5	0.00	85.0	81.2		2.71	4.99	1.03		0.46	0.35	0.85	0.98	0.74	0.62

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	72.3
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	75.1	75.1	0.00	72.2	78.9		3.06	11.1	1.86		0.49	0.40	0.73	0.59	0.62	0.54
GSWP3v1	[-]	82.2	82.3	0.00	72.2	78.9		10.1	17.7	1.89		0.33	0.20	0.73	0.98	0.57	0.50
WFDEI	[-]	81.2	81.3	0.00	72.2	78.9		8.98	11.1	1.74		0.37	0.48	0.76	0.94	0.85	0.65

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	61.3
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	55.5	55.6	0.00	61.0	71.3		-4.13	13.6	1.44		0.53	0.52	0.80	0.89	0.82	0.68
GSWP3v1	[-]	64.6	64.8	0.00	61.0	71.3		4.46	16.1	1.95		0.55	0.32	0.71	0.99	0.76	0.61
WFDEI	[-]	65.3	65.5	0.00	61.0	71.3		5.08	9.41	0.951		0.62	0.50	0.87	1.0	0.86	0.72

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	69.0
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	60.5	60.6	0.00	68.3	79.0		-5.32	10.2	0.773		0.56	0.53	0.90	0.98	0.64	0.69
GSWP3v1	[-]	62.3	62.0	0.00	68.3	79.0		-3.91	11.5	0.951		0.61	0.39	0.87	0.94	0.66	0.64
WFDEI	[-]	67.5	67.4	0.00	68.3	79.0		0.596	7.74	0.513		0.70	0.48	0.92	0.99	0.85	0.74

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	78.8
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	81.2	81.2	0.00	78.5	84.9		3.46	13.6	2.76		0.32	0.15	0.53	0.60	0.36	0.35
GSWP3v1	[-]	88.9	88.9	0.00	78.5	84.9		10.5	16.4	4.18		0.15	0.099	0.28	0.85	0.53	0.33
WFDEI	[-]	89.5	89.4	0.00	78.5	84.9		11.0	12.8	3.62		0.14	0.28	0.37	0.86	0.74	0.45

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	53.1
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	51.0	50.9	0.00	51.3	74.6		1.93	8.88	0.504		0.59	0.52	0.91	0.94	0.58	0.68
GSWP3v1	[-]	49.9	49.8	0.00	51.3	74.6		1.11	6.92	0.503		0.75	0.52	0.92	1.0	0.80	0.75
WFDEI	[-]	50.5	50.5	0.00	51.3	74.6		1.26	9.51	0.435		0.68	0.44	0.93	0.98	0.88	0.72

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	76.7
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	76.5	76.4	0.00	76.6	78.3		0.572	5.78	1.25		0.65	0.51	0.84	0.83	0.82	0.69
GSWP3v1	[-]	77.3	77.3	0.00	76.6	78.3		0.678	9.21	0.925		0.60	0.31	0.87	0.77	0.63	0.58
WFDEI	[-]	79.6	79.6	0.00	76.6	78.3		2.77	6.64	1.03		0.62	0.45	0.87	0.94	0.85	0.70

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	74.9
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	65.2	65.2	0.00	65.3	79.6		1.63	12.0	1.48		0.47	0.41	0.76	0.94	0.60	0.60
GSWP3v1	[-]	69.5	69.5	0.00	65.3	79.6		5.34	14.0	1.58		0.41	0.30	0.75	0.95	0.65	0.56
WFDEI	[-]	70.0	70.0	0.00	65.3	79.6		5.55	10.3	1.28		0.50	0.42	0.79	0.95	0.82	0.65

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	37.9
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	42.8	42.8	0.00	36.6	70.8		7.69	12.9	0.891		0.42	0.50	0.85	0.96	0.62	0.64
GSWP3v1	[-]	41.3	41.3	0.00	36.6	70.8		6.32	12.2	0.582		0.49	0.43	0.90	0.92	0.75	0.65
WFDEI	[-]	38.4	38.5	0.00	36.6	70.8		3.14	8.90	0.605		0.60	0.47	0.89	0.99	0.82	0.71

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	77.9
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	82.8	82.7	0.00	77.6	82.9		6.30	14.3	2.85		0.29	0.18	0.54	0.46	0.43	0.35
GSWP3v1	[-]	88.4	88.4	0.00	77.6	82.9		11.3	17.1	2.65		0.15	0.12	0.59	1.0	0.62	0.43
WFDEI	[-]	87.6	87.7	0.00	77.6	82.9		10.2	12.9	2.67		0.19	0.26	0.58	1.0	0.72	0.50

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	69.8
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	62.4	62.5	0.00	68.1	78.3		-2.34	8.46	1.34		0.49	0.44	0.79	1.0	0.68	0.64
GSWP3v1	[-]	66.8	66.9	0.00	68.1	78.3		0.911	9.47	1.61		0.49	0.33	0.75	0.99	0.64	0.59
WFDEI	[-]	67.5	67.5	0.00	68.1	78.3		1.01	8.47	0.990		0.53	0.39	0.85	1.0	0.80	0.66

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	69.7
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	71.3	71.4	0.00	69.4	76.3		2.43	5.67	1.78		0.65	0.47	0.73	0.99	0.79	0.68
GSWP3v1	[-]	76.1	76.1	0.00	69.4	76.3		6.68	11.5	2.51		0.36	0.25	0.61	1.0	0.69	0.53
WFDEI	[-]	72.5	72.6	0.00	69.4	76.3		3.26	7.97	1.67		0.55	0.34	0.76	0.99	0.91	0.65

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	72.4
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	77.7	77.7	0.00	72.0	81.9		6.05	9.86	1.64		0.47	0.39	0.79	0.97	0.85	0.64
GSWP3v1	[-]	81.5	81.5	0.00	72.0	81.9		9.60	14.8	1.47		0.31	0.24	0.82	0.97	0.69	0.54
WFDEI	[-]	79.0	78.9	0.00	72.0	81.9		6.99	10.1	1.23		0.43	0.41	0.86	0.97	0.81	0.65

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	53.7
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	53.4	53.6	0.00	53.2	81.4		0.918	8.60	0.779		0.72	0.54	0.91	0.98	0.76	0.74
GSWP3v1	[-]	63.6	63.7	0.00	53.2	81.4		10.7	15.3	1.02		0.42	0.43	0.88	0.99	0.79	0.66
WFDEI	[-]	59.2	59.3	0.00	53.2	81.4		6.39	11.5	0.641		0.59	0.47	0.92	0.98	0.92	0.73

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	84.9
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	81.8	81.8	0.00	85.0	81.5		-3.16	6.79	0.859		0.51	0.45	0.89	1.0	0.61	0.65
GSWP3v1	[-]	80.3	80.3	0.00	85.0	81.5		-4.59	10.8	1.30		0.44	0.25	0.83	0.90	0.52	0.53
WFDEI	[-]	86.6	86.6	0.00	85.0	81.5		1.58	5.12	0.658		0.70	0.47	0.93	1.0	0.81	0.73

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	70.7
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	69.5	69.3	0.00	70.4	79.2		-0.566	6.60	0.922		0.73	0.52	0.88	0.97	0.58	0.70
GSWP3v1	[-]	71.6	71.4	0.00	70.4	79.2		1.46	13.0	1.33		0.47	0.32	0.83	0.74	0.72	0.56
WFDEI	[-]	71.7	71.7	0.00	70.4	79.2		1.55	7.29	0.625		0.74	0.45	0.92	1.0	0.89	0.74

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Interannual Variability Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	65.5
CRUNCEPv7	[-]	52.6	52.7	0.00	63.7	81.7		-8.08	15.0	1.04		0.35	0.42	0.86	0.97	0.68	0.62
GSWP3v1	[-]	62.7	62.9	0.00	63.7	81.7		0.765	12.3	0.946		0.48	0.37	0.87	0.97	0.63	0.62
WFDEI	[-]	65.4	65.4	0.00	63.7	81.7		2.54	10.0	0.543		0.50	0.47	0.93	0.98	0.78	0.69

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Interannual variability Interannual variability score Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  creation_date: Wed Dec 2 12:03:21 PST 2015

  Conventions: Please contact Prof. James Randerson (Email: jranders@uci.edu) or Dr. Mingquan Mu (mmu@uci.edu) for any question

  source_file: This product is generated from monthly ERA interim observations

  title: derived ERA interim

  Approach: I read the monthly 2m dewpoint temperature and 2m surface air temperature from original file, and calculated 2m relative humidity using the way by John Dutton (Ceaseless Wind, John Dutton. McGraw-Hill, 1976. pp 273-274). The final data were saved by each month and each year.

  Temporal resolution: monthly

  General information: This product was derived from ERA interim Dataset (1979-present).

  Spatial resolution: 0.5x0.5, 1x1 and 2.5x2.5 degree

  Derived data code: http://redwood.ess.uci.edu/mingquan/www/ILAMB/Download/CODES/CODES/subroutines/convert/convert-rhums-ERA-interim.ncl