Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Australia Europe Global - Land North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	24.8
CTSM51_CRUJRA	[-]	25.9		1.08	1.29	0.508		0.444	0.682	0.966	0.693
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS	[-]	25.5		0.680	0.990	0.508		0.589	0.620	0.966	0.699
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7	[-]	26.5		1.70	1.74	0.508		0.292	0.680	0.966	0.655
CTSM51_GSWP3V1	[-]	26.3		1.51	1.57	0.508		0.331	0.686	0.966	0.668

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	27.8
CTSM51_CRUJRA	[-]	27.8		-0.0265	1.91	1.02		0.872	0.472	0.933	0.687
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS	[-]	27.1		-0.750	2.04	1.02		0.711	0.445	0.933	0.634
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7	[-]	28.4		0.526	1.90	1.02		0.810	0.499	0.933	0.685
CTSM51_GSWP3V1	[-]	28.4		0.606	1.92	0.508		0.797	0.508	0.966	0.695

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	22.3
CTSM51_CRUJRA	[-]	23.6		1.30	2.52	0.00		0.596	0.431	1.00	0.614
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS	[-]	22.9		0.548	2.32	0.00		0.804	0.409	1.00	0.656
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7	[-]	24.0		1.69	2.50	0.00		0.511	0.480	1.00	0.618
CTSM51_GSWP3V1	[-]	23.9		1.56	2.45	0.00		0.539	0.470	1.00	0.620

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-11.8
CTSM51_CRUJRA	[-]	-16.0		-4.21	4.53	0.00		0.788	0.863	1.00	0.879
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS	[-]	-14.8		-3.06	3.63	0.00		0.842	0.862	1.00	0.891
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7	[-]	-15.9		-4.11	4.43	0.00		0.793	0.867	1.00	0.882
CTSM51_GSWP3V1	[-]	-13.6		-1.82	2.55	0.00		0.903	0.882	1.00	0.917

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	25.3
CTSM51_CRUJRA	[-]	27.6		2.29	2.32	1.02		0.0344	0.607	0.933	0.545
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS	[-]	26.7		1.33	1.37	1.02		0.142	0.533	0.933	0.535
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7	[-]	27.0		1.71	1.76	0.00		0.0812	0.680	1.00	0.610
CTSM51_GSWP3V1	[-]	27.0		1.62	1.69	0.00		0.0918	0.602	1.00	0.574

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.61
CTSM51_CRUJRA	[-]	0.645		-2.97	3.46	0.00		0.766	0.818	1.00	0.851
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS	[-]	1.40		-2.22	2.53	0.00		0.831	0.870	1.00	0.893
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7	[-]	1.12		-2.49	3.05	0.00		0.817	0.830	1.00	0.869
CTSM51_GSWP3V1	[-]	2.14		-1.47	2.04	0.00		0.866	0.884	1.00	0.908

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	6.27
CTSM51_CRUJRA	[-]	6.33		0.0616	1.75	0.0861		0.871	0.897	0.994	0.915
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS	[-]	6.08		-0.184	1.82	0.0861		0.862	0.893	0.994	0.911
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7	[-]	6.91		0.647	1.84	0.0861		0.858	0.902	0.994	0.914
CTSM51_GSWP3V1	[-]	7.28		1.01	1.98	0.0861		0.851	0.899	0.994	0.911

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	20.6
CTSM51_CRUJRA	[-]	20.9		0.334	1.91	0.264		0.706	0.738	0.977	0.790
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS	[-]	20.8		0.242	1.86	0.220		0.721	0.744	0.986	0.799
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7	[-]	21.0		0.494	1.86	0.353		0.716	0.747	0.972	0.795
CTSM51_GSWP3V1	[-]	21.3		0.763	1.88	0.264		0.713	0.748	0.983	0.798

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	9.37
CTSM51_CRUJRA	[-]	7.93		-1.44	3.04	0.235		0.713	0.792	0.984	0.820
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS	[-]	8.39		-0.985	2.50	0.235		0.743	0.842	0.984	0.853
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7	[-]	8.55		-0.825	2.77	0.235		0.741	0.818	0.984	0.840
CTSM51_GSWP3V1	[-]	8.97		-0.405	2.44	0.219		0.760	0.842	0.985	0.857

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	10.4
CTSM51_CRUJRA	[-]	9.32		-1.06	2.55	0.191		0.748	0.803	0.986	0.835
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS	[-]	9.56		-0.822	2.21	0.186		0.771	0.826	0.987	0.853
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7	[-]	9.77		-0.613	2.39	0.196		0.759	0.816	0.986	0.844
CTSM51_GSWP3V1	[-]	10.3		-0.0570	2.08	0.181		0.781	0.833	0.988	0.859

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-7.46
CTSM51_CRUJRA	[-]	-10.4		-2.92	3.60	0.00		0.815	0.841	1.00	0.874
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS	[-]	-9.32		-1.86	2.67	0.00		0.877	0.866	1.00	0.902
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7	[-]	-10.3		-2.89	3.71	0.00		0.815	0.837	1.00	0.872
CTSM51_GSWP3V1	[-]	-7.67		-0.210	3.14	0.00		0.915	0.833	1.00	0.895

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	25.3
CTSM51_CRUJRA	[-]	26.8		1.53	1.56	0.00		0.0458	0.261	1.00	0.392
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS	[-]	26.5		1.19	1.27	0.00		0.0911	0.285	1.00	0.415
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7	[-]	26.6		1.29	1.31	0.00		0.0734	0.309	1.00	0.423
CTSM51_GSWP3V1	[-]	26.6		1.29	1.29	0.00		0.0737	0.335	1.00	0.436

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	9.23
CTSM51_CRUJRA	[-]	8.38		-0.855	1.53	0.111		0.903	0.885	0.989	0.916
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS	[-]	8.72		-0.509	1.25	0.111		0.922	0.906	0.989	0.931
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7	[-]	8.71		-0.518	1.59	0.111		0.903	0.878	0.989	0.912
CTSM51_GSWP3V1	[-]	9.29		0.0626	1.37	0.111		0.906	0.902	0.993	0.926

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.0990
CTSM51_CRUJRA	[-]	-2.79		-2.69	3.44	0.00		0.814	0.855	1.00	0.881
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS	[-]	-2.00		-1.90	2.51	0.00		0.866	0.890	1.00	0.911
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7	[-]	-2.23		-2.13	2.90	0.00		0.851	0.865	1.00	0.895
CTSM51_GSWP3V1	[-]	-0.996		-0.897	1.70	0.00		0.928	0.909	1.00	0.936

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	12.4
CTSM51_CRUJRA	[-]	11.2		-1.15	3.02	0.255		0.718	0.809	0.983	0.830
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS	[-]	11.2		-1.14	3.08	0.255		0.700	0.813	0.983	0.827
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7	[-]	11.7		-0.687	2.77	0.255		0.719	0.828	0.983	0.839
CTSM51_GSWP3V1	[-]	12.3		-0.0987	2.64	0.255		0.746	0.835	0.983	0.850

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	25.8
CTSM51_CRUJRA	[-]	26.9		1.18	1.39	0.00		0.230	0.549	1.00	0.582
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS	[-]	26.2		0.473	0.823	0.00		0.548	0.505	1.00	0.640
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7	[-]	27.2		1.40	1.54	0.00		0.182	0.556	1.00	0.574
CTSM51_GSWP3V1	[-]	26.8		1.07	1.26	0.00		0.271	0.532	1.00	0.584

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	21.6
CTSM51_CRUJRA	[-]	20.7		-0.894	1.11	0.983		0.816	0.859	0.937	0.868
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS	[-]	20.3		-1.33	1.48	0.983		0.738	0.863	0.937	0.850
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7	[-]	21.0		-0.570	0.813	0.983		0.878	0.846	0.937	0.877
CTSM51_GSWP3V1	[-]	21.4		-0.239	0.661	0.983		0.947	0.858	0.937	0.900

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [degC]		Bias [degC]	RMSE [degC]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	19.7
CTSM51_CRUJRA	[-]	18.3		-1.40	1.55	0.00		0.799	0.866	1.00	0.883
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS	[-]	18.0		-1.73	1.94	0.00		0.758	0.866	1.00	0.873
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7	[-]	18.5		-1.19	1.30	0.00		0.826	0.860	1.00	0.887
CTSM51_GSWP3V1	[-]	18.7		-1.04	1.18	0.00		0.846	0.881	1.00	0.902

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Global - Land Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: TA_F