Mean State

Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 60.2
CTSM51_CRUJRA [-] 75.4 75.1 59.7 89.1 16.0 18.0 1.88 0.0521 0.568 0.708 0.989 0.577
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS [-] 77.1 76.8 59.7 89.1 17.7 19.4 1.74 0.0420 0.559 0.730 0.990 0.576
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7 [-] 73.2 73.0 59.7 89.1 14.1 16.1 1.73 0.0624 0.532 0.738 0.993 0.572
CTSM51_GSWP3V1 [-] 69.5 69.1 59.7 89.1 10.6 16.4 2.31 0.152 0.211 0.644 0.930 0.430
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 41.4
CTSM51_CRUJRA [-] 51.7 52.2 41.3 92.2 11.1 12.9 0.269 0.397 0.733 0.965 0.994 0.764
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS [-] 54.1 54.6 41.3 92.2 13.5 15.4 0.297 0.335 0.699 0.965 0.993 0.738
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7 [-] 51.0 51.3 41.3 92.2 10.5 11.8 0.227 0.413 0.774 0.970 0.995 0.785
CTSM51_GSWP3V1 [-] 50.9 51.2 41.3 92.2 10.4 15.9 0.574 0.434 0.441 0.941 0.985 0.648
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 56.5
CTSM51_CRUJRA [-] 62.4 62.4 55.5 90.1 8.29 11.6 1.22 0.246 0.644 0.825 0.937 0.659
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS [-] 64.1 64.2 55.5 90.1 10.0 13.0 1.25 0.197 0.641 0.823 0.940 0.648
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7 [-] 61.7 61.7 55.6 90.1 7.77 10.8 1.16 0.251 0.652 0.834 0.943 0.666
CTSM51_GSWP3V1 [-] 61.9 61.9 55.6 90.1 7.75 14.4 1.45 0.243 0.352 0.792 0.971 0.542
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 74.9
CTSM51_CRUJRA [-] 87.5 87.5 73.9 92.9 14.0 18.4 2.11 0.457 0.588 0.687 0.186 0.501
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS [-] 85.3 85.3 73.9 92.9 11.9 17.3 2.25 0.510 0.586 0.659 0.216 0.512
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7 [-] 79.4 79.3 73.7 92.9 7.84 12.3 1.75 0.582 0.670 0.730 0.897 0.710
CTSM51_GSWP3V1 [-] 89.4 89.3 73.7 92.9 16.0 20.9 2.90 0.429 0.552 0.535 0.126 0.439
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 73.7
CTSM51_CRUJRA [-] 84.4 84.6 72.0 88.8 11.4 18.2 1.96 0.00344 0.543 0.706 0.247 0.408
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS [-] 86.2 86.3 72.0 88.8 13.2 19.0 2.17 0.00306 0.529 0.670 0.293 0.405
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7 [-] 85.2 85.3 72.0 88.8 13.0 18.4 2.05 0.00178 0.554 0.682 0.229 0.404
CTSM51_GSWP3V1 [-] 85.7 85.9 72.0 88.8 12.9 18.9 2.14 0.00154 0.416 0.671 0.164 0.334
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 72.2
CTSM51_CRUJRA [-] 83.4 83.6 72.1 91.2 11.4 14.8 1.45 0.504 0.606 0.809 0.580 0.621
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS [-] 82.1 82.3 72.1 91.2 10.1 14.2 1.58 0.546 0.585 0.785 0.535 0.607
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7 [-] 78.4 78.7 72.1 91.2 6.68 10.6 1.20 0.642 0.659 0.839 0.975 0.755
CTSM51_GSWP3V1 [-] 83.2 83.3 72.1 91.2 11.2 15.3 1.45 0.527 0.579 0.812 0.482 0.596
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 53.2
CTSM51_CRUJRA [-] 64.7 64.7 52.8 84.0 12.7 16.3 1.45 0.401 0.623 0.784 0.797 0.646
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS [-] 64.8 64.8 52.8 84.0 12.8 17.0 1.63 0.411 0.588 0.748 0.727 0.612
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7 [-] 57.8 57.8 52.8 84.1 6.55 11.4 1.42 0.528 0.630 0.781 0.985 0.711
CTSM51_GSWP3V1 [-] 65.6 65.7 52.8 84.1 13.6 20.4 1.77 0.423 0.526 0.722 0.848 0.609
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 55.1
CTSM51_CRUJRA [-] 65.4 64.8 54.3 92.3 12.9 17.3 1.13 0.141 0.650 0.833 0.864 0.627
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS [-] 67.4 66.9 54.3 92.3 15.1 18.9 1.25 0.116 0.640 0.812 0.872 0.616
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7 [-] 62.6 62.0 54.3 92.3 11.1 15.2 1.29 0.180 0.649 0.801 0.945 0.645
CTSM51_GSWP3V1 [-] 63.4 62.6 54.3 92.3 11.5 18.4 1.43 0.226 0.378 0.783 0.978 0.549
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 79.1
CTSM51_CRUJRA [-] 89.7 89.5 78.9 93.8 10.8 14.3 2.24 0.503 0.597 0.645 0.241 0.517
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS [-] 88.1 87.9 78.9 93.8 9.20 13.2 2.39 0.554 0.602 0.612 0.256 0.525
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7 [-] 85.3 85.1 78.8 93.8 7.13 10.3 1.79 0.608 0.675 0.726 0.890 0.715
CTSM51_GSWP3V1 [-] 90.0 89.8 78.8 93.8 11.2 15.0 3.03 0.512 0.590 0.502 0.259 0.491
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 47.0
CTSM51_CRUJRA [-] 49.3 49.1 45.5 83.7 6.19 11.4 0.772 0.288 0.699 0.873 0.862 0.684
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS [-] 49.7 49.5 45.5 83.7 6.61 11.8 0.803 0.274 0.686 0.868 0.854 0.674
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7 [-] 52.3 52.1 45.6 83.7 9.75 13.4 0.699 0.195 0.760 0.891 0.867 0.695
CTSM51_GSWP3V1 [-] 50.7 50.5 45.6 83.7 8.44 12.8 0.640 0.277 0.597 0.903 0.945 0.664
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 73.2
CTSM51_CRUJRA [-] 79.9 79.8 73.0 90.6 6.23 11.9 0.556 0.371 0.696 0.950 0.780 0.699
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS [-] 78.8 78.7 73.0 90.6 5.37 11.6 0.591 0.407 0.642 0.947 0.704 0.668
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7 [-] 78.5 78.4 73.2 90.6 6.01 10.3 0.580 0.410 0.704 0.948 0.836 0.721
CTSM51_GSWP3V1 [-] 78.6 78.4 73.2 90.6 5.01 11.3 0.842 0.428 0.635 0.898 0.859 0.691
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 62.5
CTSM51_CRUJRA [-] 69.9 69.8 61.9 89.2 8.83 14.0 1.45 0.285 0.625 0.780 0.861 0.635
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS [-] 70.4 70.3 61.9 89.2 9.33 14.9 1.52 0.278 0.599 0.770 0.831 0.615
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7 [-] 67.3 67.2 61.9 89.2 6.99 12.7 1.28 0.330 0.669 0.813 0.920 0.680
CTSM51_GSWP3V1 [-] 70.4 70.3 61.9 89.2 9.48 15.0 1.55 0.316 0.480 0.775 0.947 0.600
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 37.5
CTSM51_CRUJRA [-] 48.0 48.0 37.0 90.7 12.6 16.9 0.726 0.189 0.612 0.904 0.830 0.629
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS [-] 50.1 50.1 37.0 90.7 14.7 18.8 0.759 0.161 0.579 0.897 0.831 0.609
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7 [-] 43.6 43.5 37.1 90.7 8.87 12.6 0.444 0.267 0.740 0.940 0.921 0.722
CTSM51_GSWP3V1 [-] 41.8 41.7 37.1 90.7 7.32 14.6 0.747 0.290 0.429 0.898 0.881 0.586
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 84.5
CTSM51_CRUJRA [-] 82.1 82.1 84.3 93.7 -1.79 11.0 2.61 0.586 0.501 0.569 0.577 0.547
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS [-] 79.5 79.5 84.3 93.7 -4.20 12.0 2.67 0.529 0.490 0.562 0.706 0.555
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7 [-] 86.1 86.1 84.2 93.7 3.33 7.33 2.07 0.640 0.647 0.682 0.974 0.718
CTSM51_GSWP3V1 [-] 89.4 89.3 84.2 93.7 5.71 10.7 2.24 0.574 0.564 0.662 0.482 0.569
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 62.2
CTSM51_CRUJRA [-] 64.6 64.2 60.6 90.9 7.54 16.2 1.48 0.107 0.581 0.766 0.794 0.566
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS [-] 66.4 66.0 60.6 90.9 9.48 17.3 1.73 0.0888 0.558 0.721 0.815 0.548
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7 [-] 64.2 63.8 60.6 90.9 8.08 15.5 1.52 0.121 0.588 0.774 0.891 0.592
CTSM51_GSWP3V1 [-] 67.7 67.4 60.6 90.9 9.74 18.5 1.71 0.0808 0.430 0.741 0.815 0.499
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 65.3
CTSM51_CRUJRA [-] 74.1 74.0 64.8 88.1 9.29 13.3 2.75 0.285 0.513 0.520 0.525 0.471
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS [-] 73.7 73.5 64.8 88.1 8.95 13.9 3.87 0.308 0.416 0.307 0.506 0.391
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7 [-] 73.9 73.7 65.0 88.2 9.44 12.5 2.36 0.294 0.548 0.601 0.728 0.544
CTSM51_GSWP3V1 [-] 77.1 77.0 65.0 88.2 12.0 14.9 1.82 0.204 0.555 0.733 0.623 0.534
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 77.2
CTSM51_CRUJRA [-] 78.5 78.4 77.0 88.9 1.60 10.7 1.14 0.784 0.515 0.860 0.805 0.696
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS [-] 76.4 76.2 77.0 88.9 -0.465 11.6 1.42 0.804 0.479 0.814 0.839 0.683
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7 [-] 80.8 80.7 77.0 88.9 4.16 7.54 0.897 0.705 0.674 0.911 0.970 0.787
CTSM51_GSWP3V1 [-] 82.6 82.6 77.0 88.9 5.73 8.01 1.06 0.640 0.729 0.886 0.860 0.769
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 51.8
CTSM51_CRUJRA [-] 57.9 57.8 51.7 74.3 6.93 9.29 0.599 0.557 0.729 0.947 0.959 0.784
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS [-] 57.5 57.5 51.7 74.3 6.64 9.80 0.813 0.568 0.681 0.916 0.923 0.753
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7 [-] 56.6 56.5 51.8 74.6 5.76 7.75 0.709 0.611 0.745 0.929 0.982 0.802
CTSM51_GSWP3V1 [-] 64.5 64.4 51.8 74.6 13.1 15.6 0.693 0.360 0.620 0.932 0.977 0.702
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 64.8
CTSM51_CRUJRA [-] 84.1 84.0 64.4 91.1 19.5 20.5 0.943 0.0136 0.693 0.877 0.937 0.643
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS [-] 86.3 86.1 64.4 91.1 21.6 22.5 1.01 0.0120 0.667 0.870 0.971 0.637
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7 [-] 82.8 82.6 64.4 91.1 18.3 19.2 0.958 0.0154 0.647 0.869 0.912 0.618
CTSM51_GSWP3V1 [-] 80.3 80.5 64.4 91.1 16.3 19.0 1.82 0.0504 0.229 0.744 0.996 0.450
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 59.3
CTSM51_CRUJRA [-] 71.8 71.6 58.9 88.6 13.2 15.2 1.05 0.118 0.662 0.862 0.908 0.642
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS [-] 73.6 73.4 58.9 88.6 14.9 16.8 1.20 0.0965 0.627 0.846 0.905 0.620
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7 [-] 70.0 69.8 58.9 88.6 11.7 13.5 1.09 0.153 0.667 0.854 0.945 0.657
CTSM51_GSWP3V1 [-] 72.0 71.9 58.9 88.6 13.5 17.5 1.36 0.187 0.404 0.829 0.981 0.561
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [%]
Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]
Model Period Mean (complement) [%]
Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]
Bias [%]
RMSE [%]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Spatial Distribution Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 56.9
CTSM51_CRUJRA [-] 59.1 59.4 55.4 90.2 6.76 14.0 1.32 0.274 0.661 0.807 0.791 0.639
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS [-] 59.6 60.0 55.4 90.2 7.06 14.3 1.40 0.270 0.640 0.801 0.722 0.615
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7 [-] 55.3 55.4 55.3 90.2 4.12 11.4 1.28 0.347 0.674 0.823 0.932 0.690
CTSM51_GSWP3V1 [-] 64.3 63.6 55.3 90.2 10.3 18.8 1.23 0.219 0.525 0.827 0.891 0.597

Temporally integrated period mean

BENCHMARK MEAN
Data not available
Data not available
MODEL MEAN
Data not available
Data not available
BIAS
Data not available
Data not available
BIAS SCORE
Data not available
Data not available
RMSE
Data not available
Data not available
RMSE SCORE
Data not available
Data not available
BENCHMARK MAX MONTH
Data not available
Data not available
MODEL MAX MONTH
Data not available
Data not available
DIFFERENCE IN MAX MONTH
Data not available
Data not available
SEASONAL CYCLE SCORE
Data not available
Data not available

SPATIAL TAYLOR DIAGRAM
Data not available
MODEL COLORS
Data not available

Spatially integrated regional mean

MODEL COLORS
Data not available
REGIONAL MEAN
Data not available
ANNUAL CYCLE
Data not available
MONTHLY ANOMALY
Data not available
ANNUAL CYCLE
Data not available

All Models

Benchmark
Data not available
Data not available
CTSM51_CRUJRA
Data not available
Data not available
CTSM51_CRUJRA_FLDS
Data not available
Data not available
CTSM51_CRUNCEPV7
Data not available
Data not available
CTSM51_GSWP3V1
Data not available
Data not available

Data Information

  Title:
CRU time series (TS) high-resolution gridded datasets

  Version:
4.03

  Institutions:
Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, UK

  Source:
monthly observations at meteorological stations across the world land areas

  History:
2019-09-10: downloaded source from https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/hrg/cru_ts_4.03/
2019-11-15: estimate saturated vapor pressure using temperature
2019-11-15: calculate relative humidity using saturated vapor pressure and vapor pressure
2019-11-15: converted to ILAMB required netCDF with https://github.com/mmu2019/Datasets/blob/master/read-rhums-cru.py

  References:
Harris, I., P.D. Jones, T.J. Osborn and D.H. Lister (2014), Updated high-resolution grids of monthly climatic observations - the CRU TS3.10 Dataset, International Journal of Climatology, 34(3), 623-642, doi:10.1002/joc.3711

WMO CIMO Guide (2008), ANNEX 4.B. FORMULAE FOR THE COMPUTATION OF MEASURES OF HUMIDITY, MEASUREMENT OF HUMIDITY, Chapter 4, 163, https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=3151

  Comments:
time_period: 1980-01 through 2018-12
original_temporal_resolution: monthly
original_spatial_resolution: 0.5 degree
original_units: hPa
final_temporal_resolution: monthly
final_spatial_resolution: 0.5 degree
final_units: %

  Convention:
CF-1.7