Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Global - Land Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	10.8
I123	[-]	8.00	8.03	10.8	6.54	7.52		-2.87	2.95	1.20		0.361	0.860	0.822	0.948	0.770
post5.4	[-]	7.97	7.99	10.8	6.65	7.49		-2.91	2.98	0.817		0.350	0.879	0.887	0.952	0.790

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	13.6
I123	[-]	10.8	10.9	13.6	7.15	9.89		-2.78	3.02	1.24		0.386	0.783	0.859	0.990	0.760
post5.4	[-]	10.8	10.9	13.5	7.58	9.91		-2.72	2.93	1.33		0.399	0.795	0.840	0.998	0.765

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	12.8
I123	[-]	9.89	9.95	12.8	7.17	8.73		-3.02	3.27	1.13		0.315	0.819	0.861	0.904	0.743
post5.4	[-]	10.3	10.3	12.8	7.47	8.61		-2.69	2.94	1.02		0.373	0.849	0.876	0.944	0.778

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	9.32
I123	[-]	6.08	6.11	9.32	5.30			-3.31	3.54	0.979		0.259	0.752	0.875	0.656	0.659
post5.4	[-]	6.07	6.11	9.18	5.12			-3.18	3.40	0.968		0.277	0.761	0.870	0.750	0.684

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	9.50
I123	[-]	6.29	6.37	9.51	5.60	8.49		-3.39	3.45	1.37		0.385	0.912	0.812	0.643	0.733
post5.4	[-]	6.32	6.40	9.41	5.65	8.43		-3.25	3.32	1.30		0.409	0.917	0.832	0.619	0.739

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	10.6
I123	[-]	7.87	7.87	10.6	6.14	7.27		-2.78	2.94	0.897		0.312	0.786	0.889	0.648	0.684
post5.4	[-]	7.96	7.97	10.5	6.32	7.29		-2.52	2.70	0.815		0.377	0.795	0.891	0.679	0.707

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	11.6
I123	[-]	9.23	9.28	11.6	5.98	7.09		-2.42	2.59	1.47		0.413	0.831	0.795	0.942	0.762
post5.4	[-]	9.39	9.44	11.4	6.12	6.96		-2.12	2.30	1.22		0.475	0.847	0.831	0.963	0.793

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	11.1
I123	[-]	8.84	8.88	11.1	6.39	7.98		-2.51	2.87	1.61		0.428	0.768	0.774	0.913	0.730
post5.4	[-]	9.09	9.13	11.0	6.56	7.93		-2.15	2.49	1.30		0.491	0.818	0.813	0.934	0.775

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	8.38
I123	[-]	6.03	6.08	8.38	4.93	7.17		-2.40	2.60	0.783		0.399	0.788	0.904	0.916	0.759
post5.4	[-]	5.80	5.85	8.13	4.53	7.10		-2.40	2.57	0.718		0.400	0.804	0.909	0.955	0.774

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	13.5
I123	[-]	9.80	9.88	13.5	6.26	9.44		-3.95	4.09	1.29		0.179	0.796	0.848	0.994	0.723
post5.4	[-]	10.8	10.9	13.5	7.13	9.42		-2.94	3.00	0.663		0.342	0.902	0.940	0.995	0.816

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	8.56
I123	[-]	6.77	6.81	8.55	5.82	9.48		-1.93	2.19	0.838		0.467	0.857	0.917	0.981	0.816
post5.4	[-]	7.22	7.26	8.59	6.23	9.50		-1.53	1.85	0.829		0.555	0.866	0.904	0.994	0.837

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	11.7
I123	[-]	8.73	8.95	11.7	6.97	8.99		-2.92	3.16	1.25		0.345	0.807	0.833	0.945	0.747
post5.4	[-]	8.91	9.09	11.6	7.47	8.94		-2.70	2.94	1.12		0.382	0.830	0.849	0.950	0.768

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	14.0
I123	[-]	12.2	12.3	14.0	8.30	10.3		-1.87	2.43	1.48		0.524	0.813	0.795	0.982	0.785
post5.4	[-]	12.1	12.2	13.9	8.38	10.3		-1.93	2.42	1.37		0.505	0.841	0.811	0.956	0.791

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	8.33
I123	[-]	6.02	6.05	8.33	4.82			-2.47	2.72	0.980		0.373	0.754	0.870	0.947	0.739
post5.4	[-]	6.04	6.09	8.21	4.75			-2.34	2.60	1.27		0.404	0.758	0.816	0.966	0.740

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	13.2
I123	[-]	9.21	9.38	13.3	6.93	8.74		-4.45	4.54	0.808		0.196	0.818	0.912	0.778	0.704
post5.4	[-]	9.89	10.1	13.3	7.46	8.59		-3.76	3.86	0.740		0.259	0.853	0.917	0.848	0.746

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	12.0
I123	[-]	8.86	8.86	12.0	8.23	10.6		-3.17	3.26	1.73		0.203	0.834	0.737	0.965	0.714
post5.4	[-]	8.59	8.59	11.8	7.78	10.6		-3.28	3.35	1.74		0.184	0.848	0.717	0.996	0.719

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	10.8
I123	[-]	7.84	7.86	10.8	5.88			-3.06	3.20	1.58		0.213	0.784	0.765	0.914	0.692
post5.4	[-]	7.96	7.98	10.8	5.82			-2.93	3.06	1.37		0.237	0.797	0.788	0.948	0.714

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	15.2
I123	[-]	10.7	10.7	15.2	6.89	10.9		-4.56	4.66	0.676		0.0777	0.791	0.921	0.760	0.668
post5.4	[-]	10.5	10.5	15.1	6.21	10.7		-4.62	4.73	0.778		0.0782	0.783	0.914	0.779	0.667

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	10.2
I123	[-]	6.85	6.86	10.2	5.50	8.21		-3.37	3.43	0.554		0.310	0.892	0.932	0.919	0.789
post5.4	[-]	6.76	6.77	10.1	5.52	8.03		-3.39	3.43	0.610		0.299	0.905	0.924	0.828	0.772

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	11.6
I123	[-]	8.38	8.45	11.6	6.68	9.51		-3.21	3.34	1.08		0.267	0.822	0.882	0.976	0.754
post5.4	[-]	8.54	8.61	11.5	6.89	9.34		-2.98	3.08	0.771		0.312	0.855	0.917	0.958	0.779

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	12.4
I123	[-]	10.6	10.7	12.4	7.16	9.80		-2.17	3.04	1.52		0.362	0.810	0.802	0.986	0.754
post5.4	[-]	10.6	10.7	12.3	7.25	9.81		-2.07	2.96	1.53		0.381	0.814	0.790	0.987	0.757

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Global - Land Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

CRU time series (TS) high-resolution gridded datasets

  Version:

4.02

  Institutions:

Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, UK

  Source:

monthly observations of 2-meter maximum and minimum air temperature at meteorological stations across the world land areas

  History:

2019-05-06: downloaded source from https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/hrg/cru_ts_4.02/

2019-05-06: converted to netCDF with https://gist.github.com/nocollier/d73585731756fa472731065389af45dc

  References:

Harris, I., P.D. Jones, T.J. Osborn and D.H. Lister (2014), Updated high-resolution grids of monthly climatic observations - the CRU TS3.10 Dataset, International Journal of Climatology, 34(3), 623-642, doi:10.1002/joc.3711

  Comments:

time_period: 1960-01 through 2017-12

original_temporal_resolution: monthly

original_spatial_resolution: 0.5 degree

original_units: C

final_temporal_resolution: monthly

final_spatial_resolution: 0.5 degree

final_units: K

  Convention:

CF-1.7