Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Global - Land Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	10.8
I123pd	[-]	7.93	7.95	10.8	6.62	7.49		-2.95	3.02	0.819		0.342	0.879	0.887	0.954	0.788
post5.4	[-]	7.97	7.99	10.8	6.65	7.49		-2.91	2.98	0.817		0.350	0.879	0.887	0.952	0.790

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	13.5
I123pd	[-]	10.8	10.9	13.5	7.54	9.91		-2.72	2.93	1.31		0.398	0.796	0.842	0.998	0.766
post5.4	[-]	10.8	10.9	13.5	7.58	9.91		-2.72	2.93	1.33		0.399	0.795	0.840	0.998	0.765

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	12.8
I123pd	[-]	10.2	10.3	12.8	7.43	8.61		-2.72	2.97	1.02		0.367	0.848	0.876	0.941	0.776
post5.4	[-]	10.3	10.3	12.8	7.47	8.61		-2.69	2.94	1.02		0.373	0.849	0.876	0.944	0.778

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	9.18
I123pd	[-]	6.02	6.06	9.18	5.09			-3.23	3.46	1.01		0.269	0.756	0.863	0.733	0.675
post5.4	[-]	6.07	6.11	9.18	5.12			-3.18	3.40	0.968		0.277	0.761	0.870	0.750	0.684

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	9.40
I123pd	[-]	6.29	6.37	9.41	5.61	8.43		-3.28	3.35	1.29		0.404	0.917	0.835	0.620	0.738
post5.4	[-]	6.32	6.40	9.41	5.65	8.43		-3.25	3.32	1.30		0.409	0.917	0.832	0.619	0.739

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	10.5
I123pd	[-]	7.91	7.92	10.5	6.27	7.29		-2.56	2.74	0.819		0.366	0.797	0.892	0.675	0.705
post5.4	[-]	7.96	7.97	10.5	6.32	7.29		-2.52	2.70	0.815		0.377	0.795	0.891	0.679	0.707

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	11.4
I123pd	[-]	9.38	9.43	11.4	6.10	6.96		-2.13	2.31	1.25		0.474	0.845	0.829	0.961	0.791
post5.4	[-]	9.39	9.44	11.4	6.12	6.96		-2.12	2.30	1.22		0.475	0.847	0.831	0.963	0.793

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	11.0
I123pd	[-]	9.05	9.09	11.0	6.51	7.93		-2.19	2.52	1.30		0.484	0.817	0.813	0.936	0.773
post5.4	[-]	9.09	9.13	11.0	6.56	7.93		-2.15	2.49	1.30		0.491	0.818	0.813	0.934	0.775

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	8.13
I123pd	[-]	5.77	5.82	8.13	4.51	7.10		-2.43	2.60	0.719		0.392	0.802	0.910	0.954	0.772
post5.4	[-]	5.80	5.85	8.13	4.53	7.10		-2.40	2.57	0.718		0.400	0.804	0.909	0.955	0.774

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	13.5
I123pd	[-]	10.8	10.9	13.5	7.08	9.42		-2.99	3.05	0.671		0.332	0.901	0.939	0.995	0.814
post5.4	[-]	10.8	10.9	13.5	7.13	9.42		-2.94	3.00	0.663		0.342	0.902	0.940	0.995	0.816

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	8.60
I123pd	[-]	7.20	7.24	8.59	6.20	9.50		-1.55	1.86	0.909		0.551	0.865	0.897	0.994	0.834
post5.4	[-]	7.22	7.26	8.59	6.23	9.50		-1.53	1.85	0.829		0.555	0.866	0.904	0.994	0.837

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	11.6
I123pd	[-]	8.83	9.05	11.6	7.01	8.94		-2.74	2.97	1.13		0.376	0.829	0.847	0.951	0.767
post5.4	[-]	8.91	9.09	11.6	7.47	8.94		-2.70	2.94	1.12		0.382	0.830	0.849	0.950	0.768

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	13.9
I123pd	[-]	12.1	12.2	13.9	8.36	10.3		-1.94	2.43	1.39		0.503	0.840	0.807	0.955	0.789
post5.4	[-]	12.1	12.2	13.9	8.38	10.3		-1.93	2.42	1.37		0.505	0.841	0.811	0.956	0.791

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	8.21
I123pd	[-]	6.00	6.04	8.21	4.73			-2.38	2.63	1.29		0.395	0.760	0.812	0.961	0.738
post5.4	[-]	6.04	6.09	8.21	4.75			-2.34	2.60	1.27		0.404	0.758	0.816	0.966	0.740

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	13.2
I123pd	[-]	9.83	10.0	13.3	7.40	8.59		-3.83	3.92	0.736		0.251	0.851	0.918	0.847	0.744
post5.4	[-]	9.89	10.1	13.3	7.46	8.59		-3.76	3.86	0.740		0.259	0.853	0.917	0.848	0.746

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	11.8
I123pd	[-]	8.57	8.57	11.8	7.75	10.6		-3.31	3.38	1.74		0.179	0.843	0.721	0.997	0.716
post5.4	[-]	8.59	8.59	11.8	7.78	10.6		-3.28	3.35	1.74		0.184	0.848	0.717	0.996	0.719

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	10.8
I123pd	[-]	7.91	7.93	10.8	5.78			-2.98	3.11	1.37		0.228	0.795	0.790	0.951	0.712
post5.4	[-]	7.96	7.98	10.8	5.82			-2.93	3.06	1.37		0.237	0.797	0.788	0.948	0.714

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	15.1
I123pd	[-]	10.5	10.5	15.1	6.16	10.7		-4.63	4.75	0.808		0.0761	0.780	0.911	0.774	0.664
post5.4	[-]	10.5	10.5	15.1	6.21	10.7		-4.62	4.73	0.778		0.0782	0.783	0.914	0.779	0.667

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	10.1
I123pd	[-]	6.72	6.73	10.1	5.47	8.03		-3.43	3.48	0.607		0.292	0.904	0.924	0.820	0.769
post5.4	[-]	6.76	6.77	10.1	5.52	8.03		-3.39	3.43	0.610		0.299	0.905	0.924	0.828	0.772

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	11.5
I123pd	[-]	8.50	8.57	11.5	6.85	9.34		-3.03	3.12	0.767		0.304	0.854	0.918	0.954	0.777
post5.4	[-]	8.54	8.61	11.5	6.89	9.34		-2.98	3.08	0.771		0.312	0.855	0.917	0.958	0.779

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [K]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [K]	Model Period Mean (complement) [K]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [K]		Bias [K]	RMSE [K]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	12.3
I123pd	[-]	10.6	10.7	12.3	7.22	9.81		-2.12	3.00	1.56		0.373	0.813	0.788	0.988	0.755
post5.4	[-]	10.6	10.7	12.3	7.25	9.81		-2.07	2.96	1.53		0.381	0.814	0.790	0.987	0.757

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Global - Land Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

CRU time series (TS) high-resolution gridded datasets

  Version:

4.02

  Institutions:

Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, UK

  Source:

monthly observations of 2-meter maximum and minimum air temperature at meteorological stations across the world land areas

  History:

2019-05-06: downloaded source from https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/hrg/cru_ts_4.02/

2019-05-06: converted to netCDF with https://gist.github.com/nocollier/d73585731756fa472731065389af45dc

  References:

Harris, I., P.D. Jones, T.J. Osborn and D.H. Lister (2014), Updated high-resolution grids of monthly climatic observations - the CRU TS3.10 Dataset, International Journal of Climatology, 34(3), 623-642, doi:10.1002/joc.3711

  Comments:

time_period: 1960-01 through 2017-12

original_temporal_resolution: monthly

original_spatial_resolution: 0.5 degree

original_units: C

final_temporal_resolution: monthly

final_spatial_resolution: 0.5 degree

final_units: K

  Convention:

CF-1.7